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BIOD 331 Exam 2 Newest 2026/2027 Complete Verified
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+||Best Version||Quick Pass!!!
While telomeres, the protective 'end-caps' on chromosomes,
typically shorten with each cell division, most cancer cells keep
high levels of _________, an enzyme that prevents telomere
shortening - ANSWER-Telomerase
Cancer cells contain several cell surface molecules or antigens
that are immunologically different from its normal tissue
counterpart. This refers to: - ANSWER-Antigen expression
Cancer cells often revert to ______ patterns of gene expression
and therefore produce antigens far different from the cells of
the original tissue - ANSWER-embryonic
Cancer cells can produce 3 things which promote metastasis -
ANSWER-1. Enzymes
2. Hormones
3. Other substances
The word cancer is latin for - ANSWER-Crablike
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_________ of cancer cells describes the process of how shed
tumor cells enter circulation and move into similar or different
body cavities - ANSWER-Seeding
Where does seeding most often occur? - ANSWER-peritoneal
cavity
As cancer cells are disturbed during removal, the cancerous
cells may _____ - ANSWER-Migrate
________ describes when a secondary tumor develops in a
location distant from the primary tumor - ANSWER-Metastasis
Metastasis occurs via _____ - ANSWER-the lymph channels and
blood vessels
The ____ ______ is the first lymph node to which the primary
tumor drains - ANSWER-Sentinel node
The development of new blood vessels within the tumor is
termed _______ - ANSWER-angiogenesis
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When cells establish an adequate blood supply, the rate of
tissue growth in both normal and cancerous tissue depends on
three factors: - ANSWER-1. Number of cells that are actively
dividing or moving through the cell cycle
2. The duration of the cell cycle
3. Number of cells being lost relative to the number of new cells
being produced
______________ is the ratio of dividing cells to resting cells. -
ANSWER-Growth fraction
___________ is the length of time it takes for the total mass of
cells in a tumor to double. - ANSWER-Doubling time
However, cancer cells tend to continue to divide until their
______ and _____ are gone - ANSWER-Blood supply; nutrients
The causes of cancers are diverse and complex. It is helpful to
divide the causative factors into the following categories: -
ANSWER-1. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that
transform normal cells into cancer cells.
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2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental
agents.
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER-Normal genes that
become cancer-causing oncogenes if mutated
The ________ gene encodes proteins involved in cell signaling
relative to cell growth and cell death. - ANSWER-ras
What is Chromosomal translocation? - ANSWER-the unusual
movement or rearrangement of a segment of chromosomal
DNA
In Burkitt lymphoma, the ______ proto-oncogene is
translocated from its normal position on chromosome 8 to
chromosome 14 - ANSWER-Myc
What is gene amplification? - ANSWER-the unusual increase in
the number of copies of a certain gene
For instance, the ________ gene is amplified in many breast
cancers - ANSWER-HER-2/neu
BIOD 331 Exam 2 Newest 2026/2027 Complete Verified
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+||Best Version||Quick Pass!!!
While telomeres, the protective 'end-caps' on chromosomes,
typically shorten with each cell division, most cancer cells keep
high levels of _________, an enzyme that prevents telomere
shortening - ANSWER-Telomerase
Cancer cells contain several cell surface molecules or antigens
that are immunologically different from its normal tissue
counterpart. This refers to: - ANSWER-Antigen expression
Cancer cells often revert to ______ patterns of gene expression
and therefore produce antigens far different from the cells of
the original tissue - ANSWER-embryonic
Cancer cells can produce 3 things which promote metastasis -
ANSWER-1. Enzymes
2. Hormones
3. Other substances
The word cancer is latin for - ANSWER-Crablike
,2|Page
_________ of cancer cells describes the process of how shed
tumor cells enter circulation and move into similar or different
body cavities - ANSWER-Seeding
Where does seeding most often occur? - ANSWER-peritoneal
cavity
As cancer cells are disturbed during removal, the cancerous
cells may _____ - ANSWER-Migrate
________ describes when a secondary tumor develops in a
location distant from the primary tumor - ANSWER-Metastasis
Metastasis occurs via _____ - ANSWER-the lymph channels and
blood vessels
The ____ ______ is the first lymph node to which the primary
tumor drains - ANSWER-Sentinel node
The development of new blood vessels within the tumor is
termed _______ - ANSWER-angiogenesis
,3|Page
When cells establish an adequate blood supply, the rate of
tissue growth in both normal and cancerous tissue depends on
three factors: - ANSWER-1. Number of cells that are actively
dividing or moving through the cell cycle
2. The duration of the cell cycle
3. Number of cells being lost relative to the number of new cells
being produced
______________ is the ratio of dividing cells to resting cells. -
ANSWER-Growth fraction
___________ is the length of time it takes for the total mass of
cells in a tumor to double. - ANSWER-Doubling time
However, cancer cells tend to continue to divide until their
______ and _____ are gone - ANSWER-Blood supply; nutrients
The causes of cancers are diverse and complex. It is helpful to
divide the causative factors into the following categories: -
ANSWER-1. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that
transform normal cells into cancer cells.
, 4|Page
2. The external factors such as age, heredity, and environmental
agents.
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER-Normal genes that
become cancer-causing oncogenes if mutated
The ________ gene encodes proteins involved in cell signaling
relative to cell growth and cell death. - ANSWER-ras
What is Chromosomal translocation? - ANSWER-the unusual
movement or rearrangement of a segment of chromosomal
DNA
In Burkitt lymphoma, the ______ proto-oncogene is
translocated from its normal position on chromosome 8 to
chromosome 14 - ANSWER-Myc
What is gene amplification? - ANSWER-the unusual increase in
the number of copies of a certain gene
For instance, the ________ gene is amplified in many breast
cancers - ANSWER-HER-2/neu
