ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
1. ACIDS:- 1. They are sour in taste
2. they release H+ in aqueous solution
3. they turn blue litmus red
4. they are corrosive in nature.
Types of acids:- 2 types
I. Mineral acids:-which are obtained from rocks and minerals. For eg. HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 ,H2CO3.
II. Organic acids:- which are present in animals and plants. For eg. Formic acid , acetic acid ,lactic
acid , citric acid.
1. BASES:-1. Bases are bitter in taste.
2. They release OH- in the aqueous solution.
3. They turn red litmus blue.
4. They are also corrosive in nature.
Neutral salts:- when acids and bases react with each other, they give salt and water which are neutral in
nature and they don’t give any test with indicators and the reaction is known as neutralization reaction.
For eg. HCl + Koh kCl+ H2O
INDICATORS:- The indicators are the substances which indicate the nature of particular solution whether
acidic , basic or neutral.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
VISUAL INDICATORS OLFACTORY INDICATORS
NATURAL SYNTHETIC
VISUAL INDICATORS:-Those indicators which changes color on treatment with acids or bases. For eg.
NATURAL INDICATORS:- Litmus , turmeric , red cabbage, etc.
SYNTHETIC INDICATORS:- phenolphthalein ,methyl orange.
OLFACTORY INDICATORS:- Those indicators which changes smell or odour on treatment with acid or
base . eg. Onion, vanilla essence, clove oil.
Olfactory indicators retain their
smell in acid and lose their
smell in bases.
MRS. JYOTI AHUJA Page 1
, INDICATORS ACID BASE NEUTRAL
1. Blue litmus red Blue Blue
2. Red litmus Red Blue Red
3. Turmeric Yellow Reddish brown Yellow
4. Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink Colorless
5. Red cabbage Red Green Red
6. Leaves of hydrengia Blue Pink Blue
7. Methyl orange Red Yellow orange
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
1. Reaction with metal: - acid + metal salt + H2 +
For eg. Zn+ H2SO4 ZnSO4+H2+
Metals which can displace H2 from acids are called active metals like Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg.
2. Reaction with metal carbonate/bicarbonate:- acid +metal carbonate salt + H2O+CO2
For eg. HCl+ Na2CO3 NaCl+H2O+ CO2
3. Reaction with base: Acid + Base salt +H2O
For eg. HCl +NaOH NaCl +H2O
This reaction is known as Neutralisation reaction.
4. Reaction with metallic oxides: Acid + metal oxide salt + H2O
For eg. CuO + HCl CuCl2 +H2O
BLACK BLUISH GREEN
5. Reaction with non-metallic oxide:- Non- metallic oxide + base salt + H2O
For eg. CO2 + NaOH Na2 CO3 + H2O
• By comparing 3 and 4, we come to know that metallic oxides are basic in nature.
• By comparing 3 and 5, we come to know that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BASES
1. Reaction with metal: Metal + strong alkali salt + H2
FOR EG. Zn + 2Na2ZnO2 Na2 ZnO2 + H2
Sodium Zincate
2. Reaction with non-metallic oxides: ( same as point 5)
3. Reaction with acids:- ( neutralization reaction)
MRS. JYOTI AHUJA Page 2
1. ACIDS:- 1. They are sour in taste
2. they release H+ in aqueous solution
3. they turn blue litmus red
4. they are corrosive in nature.
Types of acids:- 2 types
I. Mineral acids:-which are obtained from rocks and minerals. For eg. HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 ,H2CO3.
II. Organic acids:- which are present in animals and plants. For eg. Formic acid , acetic acid ,lactic
acid , citric acid.
1. BASES:-1. Bases are bitter in taste.
2. They release OH- in the aqueous solution.
3. They turn red litmus blue.
4. They are also corrosive in nature.
Neutral salts:- when acids and bases react with each other, they give salt and water which are neutral in
nature and they don’t give any test with indicators and the reaction is known as neutralization reaction.
For eg. HCl + Koh kCl+ H2O
INDICATORS:- The indicators are the substances which indicate the nature of particular solution whether
acidic , basic or neutral.
TYPES OF INDICATORS
VISUAL INDICATORS OLFACTORY INDICATORS
NATURAL SYNTHETIC
VISUAL INDICATORS:-Those indicators which changes color on treatment with acids or bases. For eg.
NATURAL INDICATORS:- Litmus , turmeric , red cabbage, etc.
SYNTHETIC INDICATORS:- phenolphthalein ,methyl orange.
OLFACTORY INDICATORS:- Those indicators which changes smell or odour on treatment with acid or
base . eg. Onion, vanilla essence, clove oil.
Olfactory indicators retain their
smell in acid and lose their
smell in bases.
MRS. JYOTI AHUJA Page 1
, INDICATORS ACID BASE NEUTRAL
1. Blue litmus red Blue Blue
2. Red litmus Red Blue Red
3. Turmeric Yellow Reddish brown Yellow
4. Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink Colorless
5. Red cabbage Red Green Red
6. Leaves of hydrengia Blue Pink Blue
7. Methyl orange Red Yellow orange
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
1. Reaction with metal: - acid + metal salt + H2 +
For eg. Zn+ H2SO4 ZnSO4+H2+
Metals which can displace H2 from acids are called active metals like Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg.
2. Reaction with metal carbonate/bicarbonate:- acid +metal carbonate salt + H2O+CO2
For eg. HCl+ Na2CO3 NaCl+H2O+ CO2
3. Reaction with base: Acid + Base salt +H2O
For eg. HCl +NaOH NaCl +H2O
This reaction is known as Neutralisation reaction.
4. Reaction with metallic oxides: Acid + metal oxide salt + H2O
For eg. CuO + HCl CuCl2 +H2O
BLACK BLUISH GREEN
5. Reaction with non-metallic oxide:- Non- metallic oxide + base salt + H2O
For eg. CO2 + NaOH Na2 CO3 + H2O
• By comparing 3 and 4, we come to know that metallic oxides are basic in nature.
• By comparing 3 and 5, we come to know that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BASES
1. Reaction with metal: Metal + strong alkali salt + H2
FOR EG. Zn + 2Na2ZnO2 Na2 ZnO2 + H2
Sodium Zincate
2. Reaction with non-metallic oxides: ( same as point 5)
3. Reaction with acids:- ( neutralization reaction)
MRS. JYOTI AHUJA Page 2
