Geneva College NURS 251 Module 4 Exam (pdf) | 2026/2027 |
Portage Learning Q&A | Pharmacology
1. A patient is newly diagnosed with a condition caused by a deficiency of a
hormone from the "master gland." Which gland is most likely involved?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland"
because it controls many of the other glands within the endocrine system. It
is located in the forebrain near the hypothalamus. A deficiency in its
hormones would affect the function of other endocrine glands.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient about the negative feedback loop of the
endocrine system. Which statement best describes this process?
A) The pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates an endocrine
gland, and the subsequent hormone signals the pituitary to stop releasing
the original hormone
B) The hypothalamus directly stimulates all hormone release without any
feedback
C) Hormones are released continuously without any regulation
D) The endocrine glands release hormones that stimulate the pituitary to
release more hormones
Correct Answer: The pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates an
endocrine gland, and the subsequent hormone signals the pituitary to stop
releasing the original hormone
,Rationale: The negative feedback loop is a key regulatory mechanism. The
pituitary gland releases a hormone that signals an endocrine gland to release
a subsequent hormone. The presence of this subsequent hormone then
signals back to the pituitary gland to stop releasing the original hormone.
This maintains homeostasis.
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight endocrine glands found
throughout the body?
A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Liver
D) Ovary
Correct Answer: Liver
Rationale: The eight endocrine glands are the pineal, pituitary, thyroid,
thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, and testis. The liver is not classified as an
endocrine gland, although it does have metabolic functions.
4. A child is diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. Which medication
would the nurse expect to be prescribed to promote linear growth?
A) Octreotide
B) Somatropin
C) Vasopressin
D) Desmopressin
Correct Answer: Somatropin
Rationale: Somatropin mimics the effects of growth hormone (GH) and is
used in children to promote linear growth when they do not produce a
,sufficient amount of endogenous hormone. It is a replacement therapy for
GH deficiency.
5. Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth Hormone (GH)
B) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
C) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
and Oxytocin. The anterior pituitary releases hormones like GH, ACTH, FSH,
LH, Prolactin, and TSH. This distinction is important for understanding
pituitary function.
6. A patient is experiencing severe watery diarrhea due to a slow-growing
tumor. Which medication would be most effective in treating this symptom?
A) Somatropin
B) Vasopressin
C) Octreotide
D) Desmopressin
Correct Answer: Octreotide
Rationale: Octreotide is structurally similar to somatostatin (GH release-
inhibiting factor) and is useful in treating severe watery diarrhea resulting
from slow-growing tumors because it reduces the concentration of the
protein that causes the diarrhea. It inhibits GH release but its primary use
here is for diarrhea.
, 7. A patient is in an emergency situation with dangerously low blood
pressure. Which medication, known for its vasoconstrictive properties, might
be administered?
A) Somatropin
B) Octreotide
C) Desmopressin
D) Vasopressin
Correct Answer: Vasopressin
Rationale: Vasopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor and mimics the actions of
ADH. In higher doses, it is an especially effective vasoconstrictor and can be
used in emergency situations when blood pressure is dropping dangerously
low.
8. Which medication is a synthetic form of vasopressin that also shows dose-
dependent activity on clotting factors?
A) Somatropin
B) Octreotide
C) Desmopressin
D) Oxytocin
Correct Answer: Desmopressin
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic vasopressin that mimics ADH and
increases water reabsorption in the nephron. Additionally, it shows dose-
dependent activity on clotting factors, making it useful in treating certain
blood disorders.
Portage Learning Q&A | Pharmacology
1. A patient is newly diagnosed with a condition caused by a deficiency of a
hormone from the "master gland." Which gland is most likely involved?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland"
because it controls many of the other glands within the endocrine system. It
is located in the forebrain near the hypothalamus. A deficiency in its
hormones would affect the function of other endocrine glands.
2. A nurse is teaching a patient about the negative feedback loop of the
endocrine system. Which statement best describes this process?
A) The pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates an endocrine
gland, and the subsequent hormone signals the pituitary to stop releasing
the original hormone
B) The hypothalamus directly stimulates all hormone release without any
feedback
C) Hormones are released continuously without any regulation
D) The endocrine glands release hormones that stimulate the pituitary to
release more hormones
Correct Answer: The pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates an
endocrine gland, and the subsequent hormone signals the pituitary to stop
releasing the original hormone
,Rationale: The negative feedback loop is a key regulatory mechanism. The
pituitary gland releases a hormone that signals an endocrine gland to release
a subsequent hormone. The presence of this subsequent hormone then
signals back to the pituitary gland to stop releasing the original hormone.
This maintains homeostasis.
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight endocrine glands found
throughout the body?
A) Pineal
B) Thymus
C) Liver
D) Ovary
Correct Answer: Liver
Rationale: The eight endocrine glands are the pineal, pituitary, thyroid,
thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, and testis. The liver is not classified as an
endocrine gland, although it does have metabolic functions.
4. A child is diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. Which medication
would the nurse expect to be prescribed to promote linear growth?
A) Octreotide
B) Somatropin
C) Vasopressin
D) Desmopressin
Correct Answer: Somatropin
Rationale: Somatropin mimics the effects of growth hormone (GH) and is
used in children to promote linear growth when they do not produce a
,sufficient amount of endogenous hormone. It is a replacement therapy for
GH deficiency.
5. Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth Hormone (GH)
B) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
C) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
and Oxytocin. The anterior pituitary releases hormones like GH, ACTH, FSH,
LH, Prolactin, and TSH. This distinction is important for understanding
pituitary function.
6. A patient is experiencing severe watery diarrhea due to a slow-growing
tumor. Which medication would be most effective in treating this symptom?
A) Somatropin
B) Vasopressin
C) Octreotide
D) Desmopressin
Correct Answer: Octreotide
Rationale: Octreotide is structurally similar to somatostatin (GH release-
inhibiting factor) and is useful in treating severe watery diarrhea resulting
from slow-growing tumors because it reduces the concentration of the
protein that causes the diarrhea. It inhibits GH release but its primary use
here is for diarrhea.
, 7. A patient is in an emergency situation with dangerously low blood
pressure. Which medication, known for its vasoconstrictive properties, might
be administered?
A) Somatropin
B) Octreotide
C) Desmopressin
D) Vasopressin
Correct Answer: Vasopressin
Rationale: Vasopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor and mimics the actions of
ADH. In higher doses, it is an especially effective vasoconstrictor and can be
used in emergency situations when blood pressure is dropping dangerously
low.
8. Which medication is a synthetic form of vasopressin that also shows dose-
dependent activity on clotting factors?
A) Somatropin
B) Octreotide
C) Desmopressin
D) Oxytocin
Correct Answer: Desmopressin
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic vasopressin that mimics ADH and
increases water reabsorption in the nephron. Additionally, it shows dose-
dependent activity on clotting factors, making it useful in treating certain
blood disorders.
