Kelley School of Business — G202 Exam 3 (BUSL 201) Verified A+ Study
Guide 2026/2027
How and why did Greenpeace target Apple? - (ANSWER)HOW
=>utilized website to encourage people to write to CEO directly
=>told students to voice their concerns, because this is Apple's largest market segment
WHY?
=>Apple has a small market share
=>Apple is an image-based leading brand
What characterizes a good target? (6) - (ANSWER)1) Well-recognizable brand name.
2) Firms that have a leadership position in the industry.
3) Consumer product firms (down-stream firms).
4) Firms producing products with low-switching costs.
5) Often the 'best offenders' are targeted.
6) Firms that have shown interest in the NGO's issue in the past.
Targets are often picked based on the prospect of victory.
Successful campaigns will lead to ____ and ____. - (ANSWER)more volunteers
AND
more financial donations for the NGO.
Why are there more NGO's? - (ANSWER)1) Communication costs are decreasing.
=>Technology makes it easier to organize and manage more campaigns.
2) Public trust in corporations is declining.
=>Easier to sway public opinion against firms.
,Kelley School of Business — G202 Exam 3 (BUSL 201) Verified A+ Study
Guide 2026/2027
3) Government bureaucracy is getting thicker.
=> Lobbying for policy changes takes too long to impact markets.
4) Businesses are becoming more global.
=> Inter-government action across countries is hard to organize.
What is private politics? - (ANSWER)Private Politics occurs when NGO activists directly engage private
firms with their concerns instead of, or in addition to, trying to influence normal public policy formation.
Normal Political Development Stages (4) - (ANSWER)1) Development stage:
Concern about an issue develops from dissatisfaction of an interest group.
Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
2) Politicization stage:
Issue commands more public attention.
Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
3) Legislative Stage:
Bill moves through the political process (House and Senate) to become law, or to get rejected.
Majority yes votes needed to pass the legislation.
4) Implementation Stage:
Regulators introduce, implement, and enforce final rules.
Rules and interpretations can be challenged in the courts.
Private Politics Developmental Stages - (ANSWER)1) Development stage:
, Kelley School of Business — G202 Exam 3 (BUSL 201) Verified A+ Study
Guide 2026/2027
Concern about an issue develops from dissatisfaction of an interest group.
Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
2) Politicization stage:
Issue commands more public attention.
Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
3) NGOs make direct demands on firms
=>Issue threats: boycotts or negative PR
=>Promise rewards: PR endorsements or funding
4) Resolution of NGO-firm dispute
=>Bargaining by the two sides to come to an agreement.
=>May result in firm action, or may agree to disagree.
*Much easier to influence a political issue with private politics
What is fair-trade coffee, and (5) makings? - (ANSWER)1) Fair Trade coffee - The financial equality of the
treatment of the farmer. Makes sure the big company gives the little farmer financial support
=>Making of Fair Trade:
• Fair price
• Democratic organization
• Direct trade & long-term relations
• Access to credit
• Environment protection
Guide 2026/2027
How and why did Greenpeace target Apple? - (ANSWER)HOW
=>utilized website to encourage people to write to CEO directly
=>told students to voice their concerns, because this is Apple's largest market segment
WHY?
=>Apple has a small market share
=>Apple is an image-based leading brand
What characterizes a good target? (6) - (ANSWER)1) Well-recognizable brand name.
2) Firms that have a leadership position in the industry.
3) Consumer product firms (down-stream firms).
4) Firms producing products with low-switching costs.
5) Often the 'best offenders' are targeted.
6) Firms that have shown interest in the NGO's issue in the past.
Targets are often picked based on the prospect of victory.
Successful campaigns will lead to ____ and ____. - (ANSWER)more volunteers
AND
more financial donations for the NGO.
Why are there more NGO's? - (ANSWER)1) Communication costs are decreasing.
=>Technology makes it easier to organize and manage more campaigns.
2) Public trust in corporations is declining.
=>Easier to sway public opinion against firms.
,Kelley School of Business — G202 Exam 3 (BUSL 201) Verified A+ Study
Guide 2026/2027
3) Government bureaucracy is getting thicker.
=> Lobbying for policy changes takes too long to impact markets.
4) Businesses are becoming more global.
=> Inter-government action across countries is hard to organize.
What is private politics? - (ANSWER)Private Politics occurs when NGO activists directly engage private
firms with their concerns instead of, or in addition to, trying to influence normal public policy formation.
Normal Political Development Stages (4) - (ANSWER)1) Development stage:
Concern about an issue develops from dissatisfaction of an interest group.
Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
2) Politicization stage:
Issue commands more public attention.
Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
3) Legislative Stage:
Bill moves through the political process (House and Senate) to become law, or to get rejected.
Majority yes votes needed to pass the legislation.
4) Implementation Stage:
Regulators introduce, implement, and enforce final rules.
Rules and interpretations can be challenged in the courts.
Private Politics Developmental Stages - (ANSWER)1) Development stage:
, Kelley School of Business — G202 Exam 3 (BUSL 201) Verified A+ Study
Guide 2026/2027
Concern about an issue develops from dissatisfaction of an interest group.
Initially the issue lacks broad appeal or widespread public support.
2) Politicization stage:
Issue commands more public attention.
Politicians publically adopt issue as a campaign platform.
3) NGOs make direct demands on firms
=>Issue threats: boycotts or negative PR
=>Promise rewards: PR endorsements or funding
4) Resolution of NGO-firm dispute
=>Bargaining by the two sides to come to an agreement.
=>May result in firm action, or may agree to disagree.
*Much easier to influence a political issue with private politics
What is fair-trade coffee, and (5) makings? - (ANSWER)1) Fair Trade coffee - The financial equality of the
treatment of the farmer. Makes sure the big company gives the little farmer financial support
=>Making of Fair Trade:
• Fair price
• Democratic organization
• Direct trade & long-term relations
• Access to credit
• Environment protection
