EPALS BUNDLED EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE
◉ distributive shock. Answer: inadequate disruption of blood, so that the blood flow is insufficient for
the oxygenation of the tissues. (anaphylaxis/sepsis/neurogenic)
◉ cardiogenic shock. Answer: circulatory failure due to poor heart function
(cardiomyopathy/myocarditis/cardiac surgery)
◉ obstructive shock. Answer: circulatory failure due to obstruction of blood flow to/from the heart
(tension pneumothorax/cardiac tamponade)
◉ Dissociative Shock. Answer: insufficient oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (anaemia/carbon
monoxide poisoning)
◉ Weight Estimation. Answer: weight (kg) = (age in years +4) x2
◉ cardiac output. Answer: Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume (blood volume ejected each
contraction)
◉ blood pressure. Answer: blood pressure = cardiac output X systemic vascular resistance
◉ compensation mechanism in shock. Answer: Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, increased myocardial
contractibility
◉ Sizing of oropharyngeal airway. Answer: laid against the side of the face, has a length equal to the
distance between the level of the patients incisors (or where they will be) to the angle of the jaw
AND ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE
◉ distributive shock. Answer: inadequate disruption of blood, so that the blood flow is insufficient for
the oxygenation of the tissues. (anaphylaxis/sepsis/neurogenic)
◉ cardiogenic shock. Answer: circulatory failure due to poor heart function
(cardiomyopathy/myocarditis/cardiac surgery)
◉ obstructive shock. Answer: circulatory failure due to obstruction of blood flow to/from the heart
(tension pneumothorax/cardiac tamponade)
◉ Dissociative Shock. Answer: insufficient oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (anaemia/carbon
monoxide poisoning)
◉ Weight Estimation. Answer: weight (kg) = (age in years +4) x2
◉ cardiac output. Answer: Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume (blood volume ejected each
contraction)
◉ blood pressure. Answer: blood pressure = cardiac output X systemic vascular resistance
◉ compensation mechanism in shock. Answer: Tachycardia, vasoconstriction, increased myocardial
contractibility
◉ Sizing of oropharyngeal airway. Answer: laid against the side of the face, has a length equal to the
distance between the level of the patients incisors (or where they will be) to the angle of the jaw
