BIO 110 EXAM 4 PRACTICE TEST PART 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE
BIOLOGY EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Which of the following designations applies to four-legged "crown group" descendants in the
sarcopterygian lineage. Recall that crown group refers to four-legged extant animals and their closest
common ancestor. - ANS ✔✔Tetrapoda
A fossil often depicted as an example of an early amphibian is _______. - ANS ✔✔Ichthyostega
When the amphibians first moved onto land, there was _______. - ANS ✔✔an environment relatively
free from predators and a readily available food source
The ancestral tetrapod morph lineage that led to reptiles, birds, and mammals is called the
____________ lineage. - ANS ✔✔Reptiliomorpha
Salamanders belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Caudata
The most fully terrestrial salamanders belong to the family _______ - ANS ✔✔Plethodontid
Members of the salamander family Salamandridae include _______. - ANS ✔✔newts
Female salamanders have a special pouch, the __________, in which sperm are stored. - ANS
✔✔spermatheca
Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often _______. - ANS ✔✔held in the
oviducts, and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult
Caecilians belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Gymnophiona
Frogs and toads belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Anura
True toads belong to the family _______. - ANS ✔✔Bufonidae
Members of the amphibian order Anura have the tail vertebrae fused into a rodlike _______. - ANS
✔✔urostyle
The skin of amphibians is _______. - ANS ✔✔highly glandular
The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are _______. - ANS
✔✔chromatophores
The last trunk vertebra of the amphibians is the __________ vertebra. - ANS ✔✔sacral
, A ventral plate of bone called the __________ is present in the anterior, ventral trunk region of many
amphibians. This plate provides support for the forelimbs and protection for internal organs. - ANS
✔✔sternum
The ilium, ischium, and pubis comprise the __________ of amphibians. - ANS ✔✔pelvic girdle
The sternum is reduced or absent in members of the order _______. - ANS ✔✔Anura
In anurans, long hind limbs and powerful muscles form an efficient __________ system for jumping. -
ANS ✔✔lever
In their feeding habits, most adult amphibians are _______. - ANS ✔✔carnivores
Larval amphibians are usually __________ in their feeding habits. - ANS ✔✔herbivorous
In amphibians, a __________ valve in the conus arteriosus or ventral aorta helps direct blood into
pulmonary and systemic circuits. - ANS ✔✔spiral
The __________ of the amphibian heart receives blood from the lungs. - ANS ✔✔left atrium
Unlike other vertebrates, amphibians have contractile vessels called lymphatic __________ that pump
fluids through the lymphatic system. - ANS ✔✔hearts
Gas exchange across the skin is called _______. - ANS ✔✔cutaneous respiration
Pulmonary ventilation in amphibians with lungs is accomplished by _______. - ANS ✔✔a buccal pump
Because amphibians depend on external sources of heat to maintain body temperatures, they are said to
be _______. - ANS ✔✔ectothermic
Which of the following is a function of the midbrain of amphibians? - ANS ✔✔processing visual sensory
information
Much of the movable lower eyelid of amphibians is transparent and is called the _______. - ANS
✔✔nictitating membrane
To focus on near objects, the amphibian lens is moved forward by the __________ muscle. - ANS
✔✔protractor lentil
The outermost structure of the ear of anuran amphibians is the _______. - ANS ✔✔tympanic membrane
The __________ receives airborne vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear. - ANS ✔✔tympanic
membrane
When in water, amphibians _______. - ANS ✔✔produce large quantities of hypotonic urine
BIOLOGY EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Which of the following designations applies to four-legged "crown group" descendants in the
sarcopterygian lineage. Recall that crown group refers to four-legged extant animals and their closest
common ancestor. - ANS ✔✔Tetrapoda
A fossil often depicted as an example of an early amphibian is _______. - ANS ✔✔Ichthyostega
When the amphibians first moved onto land, there was _______. - ANS ✔✔an environment relatively
free from predators and a readily available food source
The ancestral tetrapod morph lineage that led to reptiles, birds, and mammals is called the
____________ lineage. - ANS ✔✔Reptiliomorpha
Salamanders belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Caudata
The most fully terrestrial salamanders belong to the family _______ - ANS ✔✔Plethodontid
Members of the salamander family Salamandridae include _______. - ANS ✔✔newts
Female salamanders have a special pouch, the __________, in which sperm are stored. - ANS
✔✔spermatheca
Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often _______. - ANS ✔✔held in the
oviducts, and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult
Caecilians belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Gymnophiona
Frogs and toads belong to the amphibian order _______. - ANS ✔✔Anura
True toads belong to the family _______. - ANS ✔✔Bufonidae
Members of the amphibian order Anura have the tail vertebrae fused into a rodlike _______. - ANS
✔✔urostyle
The skin of amphibians is _______. - ANS ✔✔highly glandular
The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are _______. - ANS
✔✔chromatophores
The last trunk vertebra of the amphibians is the __________ vertebra. - ANS ✔✔sacral
, A ventral plate of bone called the __________ is present in the anterior, ventral trunk region of many
amphibians. This plate provides support for the forelimbs and protection for internal organs. - ANS
✔✔sternum
The ilium, ischium, and pubis comprise the __________ of amphibians. - ANS ✔✔pelvic girdle
The sternum is reduced or absent in members of the order _______. - ANS ✔✔Anura
In anurans, long hind limbs and powerful muscles form an efficient __________ system for jumping. -
ANS ✔✔lever
In their feeding habits, most adult amphibians are _______. - ANS ✔✔carnivores
Larval amphibians are usually __________ in their feeding habits. - ANS ✔✔herbivorous
In amphibians, a __________ valve in the conus arteriosus or ventral aorta helps direct blood into
pulmonary and systemic circuits. - ANS ✔✔spiral
The __________ of the amphibian heart receives blood from the lungs. - ANS ✔✔left atrium
Unlike other vertebrates, amphibians have contractile vessels called lymphatic __________ that pump
fluids through the lymphatic system. - ANS ✔✔hearts
Gas exchange across the skin is called _______. - ANS ✔✔cutaneous respiration
Pulmonary ventilation in amphibians with lungs is accomplished by _______. - ANS ✔✔a buccal pump
Because amphibians depend on external sources of heat to maintain body temperatures, they are said to
be _______. - ANS ✔✔ectothermic
Which of the following is a function of the midbrain of amphibians? - ANS ✔✔processing visual sensory
information
Much of the movable lower eyelid of amphibians is transparent and is called the _______. - ANS
✔✔nictitating membrane
To focus on near objects, the amphibian lens is moved forward by the __________ muscle. - ANS
✔✔protractor lentil
The outermost structure of the ear of anuran amphibians is the _______. - ANS ✔✔tympanic membrane
The __________ receives airborne vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear. - ANS ✔✔tympanic
membrane
When in water, amphibians _______. - ANS ✔✔produce large quantities of hypotonic urine
