A&P II FINAL |THE SMART WAY TO PASS | REAL TESTS,
REAL RESULTS!
kidneys Answer: vital in determining what stays in the body and what leaves
Filters the blood and creates waste product
urinary tract Answer: ureter, urinary bladder, urethra:
what allows for the excretion of the waste
kidney functions Answer: regulation of water volume
maintenance of electrolyte balance
long term acid base balance
removal of metabolic wastes
maintenance of blood pressure
regulation of erythropoiesis
activation of vitamin D
other metabolic functions (gluconeogenesis)
filtrate Answer: plasma component of the blood minus the proteins = water, electrolytes,
nutrients and potential waste products
heavily modified and eventually urine
urine Answer: heavily modified forms
what is lost by the body
less than 1% of the filtrate that was initially formed
kidneys are .... Answer: retroperitoneal
behind and outside of the peritoneal cavity
kidney anatomy Answer: renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal cortex Answer: blood supply
filtrate is produced and partially modified
renal medulla Answer: renal pyramids (part of modification of the filtrate; moves towards the
bottom/ papilla to be further modified)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,leaves pyramid through papilla and is urine
urine goes into the minor calyces and then the major calyces
urine flows into the main part of the renal pelvis
renal pelvis Answer: collection area for urine
nephron Answer: where filtrate is produced and modified
made of renal corpuscle and renal tubule
renal corpuscle Answer: always in the cortex
where filtrate is made
renal tubule Answer: partially in cortex and medulla
where filtrate is modified
hilum of kidney Answer: where blood enters and exits
25% of blood/CO2 enters kidney to be filtered
blood flow in the kidney Answer: afferent arteroile
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
peritubular venules
veins
afferent arteriole Answer: blood is carried into the glomerulus
glomerulus Answer: first capillary bed
inside the renal corpuscle
filtrates
efferent arteriole Answer: carries filtered blood aways from the glomerulus
peritubular capillaries Answer: 2nd capillary bed
wrapped around renal tubular
involved in secretion and reabsorption (exchange)
Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) Answer: parietal layer
capsular space
visceral layer
everything in the renal corpuscle except the capillaries
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, parietal layer Answer: simple squamous epithelium
capsular space Answer: fills with filtrate
flows into the renal tubule
visceral layer Answer: in contact with the capillaries
podocytes - form filtration slits
parts of the renal tubule Answer: proximal tubule
nephron loop (thin descending limb --> thick ascending limb)
distal tubule
collecting duct
proximal tubule Answer: simple cuboidal epithelium
many microvilli/ brush boarder
apical: surface in contact with lumen
thin descending limb Answer: nephron loop
simple squamous epithelium
thick ascending limb Answer: nephron loop
simple cuboidal epithelium
distal tubule Answer: simple cuboidal epithelium
few microvilli
collecting system Answer: receives filtrate from the nephron, modifies and leaves via papilla
(goes through renal pyramid)
cortical collecting duct
medullary collecting system (medullary collecting duct and
papillary collecting duct )
corticall collecting duct Answer: filtrate enters from the distal tubule
simple cuboidal epithelium
very few microvilli
medullary collecting system Answer: medullary collecting duct and papillary collecting duct
simple columnar epithelium
very few microvilli
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
REAL RESULTS!
kidneys Answer: vital in determining what stays in the body and what leaves
Filters the blood and creates waste product
urinary tract Answer: ureter, urinary bladder, urethra:
what allows for the excretion of the waste
kidney functions Answer: regulation of water volume
maintenance of electrolyte balance
long term acid base balance
removal of metabolic wastes
maintenance of blood pressure
regulation of erythropoiesis
activation of vitamin D
other metabolic functions (gluconeogenesis)
filtrate Answer: plasma component of the blood minus the proteins = water, electrolytes,
nutrients and potential waste products
heavily modified and eventually urine
urine Answer: heavily modified forms
what is lost by the body
less than 1% of the filtrate that was initially formed
kidneys are .... Answer: retroperitoneal
behind and outside of the peritoneal cavity
kidney anatomy Answer: renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal cortex Answer: blood supply
filtrate is produced and partially modified
renal medulla Answer: renal pyramids (part of modification of the filtrate; moves towards the
bottom/ papilla to be further modified)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,leaves pyramid through papilla and is urine
urine goes into the minor calyces and then the major calyces
urine flows into the main part of the renal pelvis
renal pelvis Answer: collection area for urine
nephron Answer: where filtrate is produced and modified
made of renal corpuscle and renal tubule
renal corpuscle Answer: always in the cortex
where filtrate is made
renal tubule Answer: partially in cortex and medulla
where filtrate is modified
hilum of kidney Answer: where blood enters and exits
25% of blood/CO2 enters kidney to be filtered
blood flow in the kidney Answer: afferent arteroile
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
peritubular venules
veins
afferent arteriole Answer: blood is carried into the glomerulus
glomerulus Answer: first capillary bed
inside the renal corpuscle
filtrates
efferent arteriole Answer: carries filtered blood aways from the glomerulus
peritubular capillaries Answer: 2nd capillary bed
wrapped around renal tubular
involved in secretion and reabsorption (exchange)
Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) Answer: parietal layer
capsular space
visceral layer
everything in the renal corpuscle except the capillaries
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, parietal layer Answer: simple squamous epithelium
capsular space Answer: fills with filtrate
flows into the renal tubule
visceral layer Answer: in contact with the capillaries
podocytes - form filtration slits
parts of the renal tubule Answer: proximal tubule
nephron loop (thin descending limb --> thick ascending limb)
distal tubule
collecting duct
proximal tubule Answer: simple cuboidal epithelium
many microvilli/ brush boarder
apical: surface in contact with lumen
thin descending limb Answer: nephron loop
simple squamous epithelium
thick ascending limb Answer: nephron loop
simple cuboidal epithelium
distal tubule Answer: simple cuboidal epithelium
few microvilli
collecting system Answer: receives filtrate from the nephron, modifies and leaves via papilla
(goes through renal pyramid)
cortical collecting duct
medullary collecting system (medullary collecting duct and
papillary collecting duct )
corticall collecting duct Answer: filtrate enters from the distal tubule
simple cuboidal epithelium
very few microvilli
medullary collecting system Answer: medullary collecting duct and papillary collecting duct
simple columnar epithelium
very few microvilli
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
