(2026–2027)
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, Inclusion Body Myositis Characterized by inflammation and endomysial infiltrates of CD8+ T cells and
macrophages that focally surround and invade myofibrils. The presence of
rimmed vacuoles is a characteristic feature. It is more common in males over
the age of 50-years-old. It manifests as an insidious onset of proximal muscle
weakness, often with associated distal muscle weakness. The distribution of
weakness is variable, but unlike polymyositis and dermatomyositis, asymmetry
is common. Early involvement of the knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, and
wrist and finger flexors is characteristic. Weakness of the wrist and finger
flexors is often greater than their extensor counterparts. Hence, loss of finger
dexterity and grip strength may be a prominent symptom. It also commonly
causes greater weakness in knee extension when compared with the hip
flexors. Deep tendon reflexes may be impaired or absent if weakness is severe.
Laboratory results reveal a normal to slightly elevated level of serum creatine
kinase. Muscle biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A disease of the elderly that causes proximal myalgias of the hip and
shoulder girdles. The symptoms appear first in the shoulder girdle, and
patients commonly complain of stiffness after prolonged inactivity. The
shoulder and hip girdles can be painful and stiff, causing difficulty in rising from
a chair or raising their arms over their shoulder. Patients also have morning
stiffness that typically lasts for more than one hour. There is no muscle
weakness, as compared to dermatomyositis and polymyositis. It is commonly
associated with giant cell arteritis. Laboratory studies reveal an erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) > 40 mm/h. Treatment is with prednisone.
What is the genetic transmission of Duchenne & Becker XLR
Muscular Dystrophy?
5% Sheep Blood added to? Blood agar usually contains 5% sheep blood and is used to determine
hemolysis patterns of Streptococcus
Eosin-methylene blue is added to? A staining agent used to visualize Escherichia coli that show up as a metallic
sheen.
Nystatin is added to help culture which organism? Nystatin is a part of the VPN or Thayer-Martin agar designed to grow
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.