HURST REVIEW: ONCOLOGY I QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE HURST
ONCOLOGY I STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The #1 cause of preventable cancer - correct answer ✔✔tobacco
Co-carcinogens - correct answer ✔✔Alcohol & tobacco
Suspected dietary causes of cancer - correct answer ✔✔-a low-fiber diet
-increased red meat
-increased animal fat
-nitrites (processed sandwich meats)
-alcohol
-preservatives and additives
Increased incidence of cancer in the - correct answer ✔✔immunosuppressed
The most important risk factor for cancer is - correct answer ✔✔aging
Higher risk of cancer in those aged over - correct answer ✔✔60 years old
What race has the greatest incidence of cancer? - correct answer ✔✔African-Americans followed by
Caucasians
Other risk factors for cancer development - correct answer ✔✔-obesity
-physical inactivity
-poor nutrition
-heredity (ex. BRC-1 gene)
-exposure to UV radiation
-exposure to carcinogens
-stress
-previous medical history
Chronic irritation can cause - correct answer ✔✔uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Primary Prevention of Cancer - correct answer ✔✔-NO smoking
-exercise and good nutrition
-maintain normal body weight
-limit or eliminate alcohol intake
-vaccines for preventable viral exposures such as
Hepatitis B and HPV
-avoid exposure to known carcinogens
Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Females - correct answer ✔✔-monthly BSEs
-clinical breast exams
-mammograms
, -colonoscopies
-fecal occult blood stool test
-pap smears
What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self-exam? - correct answer ✔✔7-12
Beginning in their _______, women should be told about - correct answer ✔✔20s; the limitations and
benefites of monthly self BSEs
Post menopausal women or women who have had a hysterectomy should perform a BSE on - correct
answer ✔✔the same day every month
Women between the ages of 20-39 need a clinical breast exam how often? - correct answer ✔✔every 3
years
Women older than 40 should have clinical breast exams how often? - correct answer ✔✔yearly, with two
views of each breast
Before a mammogram, what should you teach your client to NOT apply on their body? - correct answer
✔✔no lotion, no powder, no deodorant
Pap smears beginning at age ______ and performed every _____ years if there have been no problems -
correct answer ✔✔21; 3
Men and women should have a colonoscopy at age ______, then every _____ years if there have been
no problems - correct answer ✔✔50; 10 (more frequently if there are polyps)
Testing the stool for fecal occult blood should be done _________ beginning at age ______, unless
previous problems or a positive family history - correct answer ✔✔yearly; 50
Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Males - correct answer ✔✔-breast self-awareness
-testicular self-exams (TSE)
-clinical testicular exams
-digital rectal exams
-prostate specific antigen (PSA)
-colonoscopies
-fecal occult blood stool testing
How often should men have clinical testicular exams? - correct answer ✔✔yearly
How often should men perform TSEs? - correct answer ✔✔monthly
The major age group that gets testicular cancer is _________ ___________, between ages ______ and
______ - correct answer ✔✔young males; 15 & 36 (teach TSE early)
When should digital rectal exams and PSA be performed? - correct answer ✔✔over age 50
ONCOLOGY I STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The #1 cause of preventable cancer - correct answer ✔✔tobacco
Co-carcinogens - correct answer ✔✔Alcohol & tobacco
Suspected dietary causes of cancer - correct answer ✔✔-a low-fiber diet
-increased red meat
-increased animal fat
-nitrites (processed sandwich meats)
-alcohol
-preservatives and additives
Increased incidence of cancer in the - correct answer ✔✔immunosuppressed
The most important risk factor for cancer is - correct answer ✔✔aging
Higher risk of cancer in those aged over - correct answer ✔✔60 years old
What race has the greatest incidence of cancer? - correct answer ✔✔African-Americans followed by
Caucasians
Other risk factors for cancer development - correct answer ✔✔-obesity
-physical inactivity
-poor nutrition
-heredity (ex. BRC-1 gene)
-exposure to UV radiation
-exposure to carcinogens
-stress
-previous medical history
Chronic irritation can cause - correct answer ✔✔uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Primary Prevention of Cancer - correct answer ✔✔-NO smoking
-exercise and good nutrition
-maintain normal body weight
-limit or eliminate alcohol intake
-vaccines for preventable viral exposures such as
Hepatitis B and HPV
-avoid exposure to known carcinogens
Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Females - correct answer ✔✔-monthly BSEs
-clinical breast exams
-mammograms
, -colonoscopies
-fecal occult blood stool test
-pap smears
What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self-exam? - correct answer ✔✔7-12
Beginning in their _______, women should be told about - correct answer ✔✔20s; the limitations and
benefites of monthly self BSEs
Post menopausal women or women who have had a hysterectomy should perform a BSE on - correct
answer ✔✔the same day every month
Women between the ages of 20-39 need a clinical breast exam how often? - correct answer ✔✔every 3
years
Women older than 40 should have clinical breast exams how often? - correct answer ✔✔yearly, with two
views of each breast
Before a mammogram, what should you teach your client to NOT apply on their body? - correct answer
✔✔no lotion, no powder, no deodorant
Pap smears beginning at age ______ and performed every _____ years if there have been no problems -
correct answer ✔✔21; 3
Men and women should have a colonoscopy at age ______, then every _____ years if there have been
no problems - correct answer ✔✔50; 10 (more frequently if there are polyps)
Testing the stool for fecal occult blood should be done _________ beginning at age ______, unless
previous problems or a positive family history - correct answer ✔✔yearly; 50
Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Males - correct answer ✔✔-breast self-awareness
-testicular self-exams (TSE)
-clinical testicular exams
-digital rectal exams
-prostate specific antigen (PSA)
-colonoscopies
-fecal occult blood stool testing
How often should men have clinical testicular exams? - correct answer ✔✔yearly
How often should men perform TSEs? - correct answer ✔✔monthly
The major age group that gets testicular cancer is _________ ___________, between ages ______ and
______ - correct answer ✔✔young males; 15 & 36 (teach TSE early)
When should digital rectal exams and PSA be performed? - correct answer ✔✔over age 50
