Neuropsychology WGU D574
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
1. Mind-brain prob- Question of how/why certain types of brain activity are conscious.
lem
2. Monism Idea that the universe consists of one type of being; different ways of describing
the same thing.
3. Dualism Idea that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently.
4. Perception Occurs in the brain; for example, something touching the hand sends a message
to the brain.
5. Physiological ex- Relates behavior to activity of brain/organs, such as chemical reactions that enable
planation hormones to influence the brain.
6. Ontogenetic ex- Describes how behavior develops, examining differences between males and
planation females at different ages.
7. Evolutionary ex- Explains structure/behavior based on evolutionary history, examining behavioral
planation similarities among related species.
8. Functional expla- Explains why a structure/behavior evolved as it did, such as why certain traits were
nation favored by natural selection.
9. Genetic drift Gene spread by accident due to a dominant male with many offspring spreading
the gene, both positive and negative.
10. Ethical issues of Many mechanisms of behaviors are similar across species, making it easier to
research with study non-humans.
laboratory ani-
mals
11. Neurons Cells that receive information and transmit it to other cells
12. Motor neuron receives excitation through dendrites and conducts impulse along axon to muscle.
, Neuropsychology WGU D574
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
13. Sensory neuron Very sensitive at one end to particular stimuli.
14. Soma/Cell body Contains nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and is covered with synapse recep-
tors.
15. Intrinsic neuron Axons and dendrites are confinterm-18ed within a structure.
16. Glia Type of cell that doesn't conduct impulses over long distances.
17. Astrocytes Star-shaped glial cells that synchronize the activity of axons by wrap around
dendrites
18. Tripartite Tip of axon releases chemicals causing nearby astrocytes to release their own
synapse chemicals, modulating the message to the next neuron.
19. Microglia Part of the immune system that removes viruses and fungi from the brain.
20. Oligodendro- Cells in the brain and CNS that alter/build myelin sheaths.
cytes
21. Schwann cells Cells in the periphery of the body that build myelin sheaths.
22. Radial glia Guide the migration of neurons, axons, and dendrites during embryonic devel-
opment.
23. Axons Long, slender projections of neurons that transmit electrical impulses away from
the neuron's cell body.
24. What are den- Branching fibers from a neuron.
drites?
25. What is the func- They receive information from other neurons.
tion of dendrites?
26. They are narrow and lined with synaptic receivers.
, Neuropsychology WGU D574
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
What is the struc-
ture of dendrites
at their ends?
27. Axon Thin fiber with constant diameter that conveys impulse to other neurons/or-
gans/muscles.
28. Myelin sheath Covers vertebrate axon.
29. Modes of Ranvier Interruptions in myelin sheath.
30. Afferent axon Brings info into structure (A= admit).
31. Efferent axon Carries info away (E=exit).
32. Blood-brain bar- Protects the brain by keeping out most viruses & bacteria and harmful chemicals
rier while allowing certain substances like oxygen and glucose to pass.
33. Glucose Main chemical necessary for the brain's nutrition.
34. Thiamine Necessary for metabolizing glucose; deficiency leads to death of neurons & Kor-
sakoff's syndrome (memory impairments).
35. Sodium-potassi- Uses active transport to pump 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in of cell.
um pump
36. Resting potential Difference in electrical change between outside & inside of neuron, maintained
by a polarized membrane.
37. Action potential A neural impulse that occurs when the membrane reaches a threshold, resulting
in depolarization.
38. All-or-none law States that amplitude & velocity of action potential are independent of the stimulus
that initiated it.
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
1. Mind-brain prob- Question of how/why certain types of brain activity are conscious.
lem
2. Monism Idea that the universe consists of one type of being; different ways of describing
the same thing.
3. Dualism Idea that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently.
4. Perception Occurs in the brain; for example, something touching the hand sends a message
to the brain.
5. Physiological ex- Relates behavior to activity of brain/organs, such as chemical reactions that enable
planation hormones to influence the brain.
6. Ontogenetic ex- Describes how behavior develops, examining differences between males and
planation females at different ages.
7. Evolutionary ex- Explains structure/behavior based on evolutionary history, examining behavioral
planation similarities among related species.
8. Functional expla- Explains why a structure/behavior evolved as it did, such as why certain traits were
nation favored by natural selection.
9. Genetic drift Gene spread by accident due to a dominant male with many offspring spreading
the gene, both positive and negative.
10. Ethical issues of Many mechanisms of behaviors are similar across species, making it easier to
research with study non-humans.
laboratory ani-
mals
11. Neurons Cells that receive information and transmit it to other cells
12. Motor neuron receives excitation through dendrites and conducts impulse along axon to muscle.
, Neuropsychology WGU D574
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
13. Sensory neuron Very sensitive at one end to particular stimuli.
14. Soma/Cell body Contains nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and is covered with synapse recep-
tors.
15. Intrinsic neuron Axons and dendrites are confinterm-18ed within a structure.
16. Glia Type of cell that doesn't conduct impulses over long distances.
17. Astrocytes Star-shaped glial cells that synchronize the activity of axons by wrap around
dendrites
18. Tripartite Tip of axon releases chemicals causing nearby astrocytes to release their own
synapse chemicals, modulating the message to the next neuron.
19. Microglia Part of the immune system that removes viruses and fungi from the brain.
20. Oligodendro- Cells in the brain and CNS that alter/build myelin sheaths.
cytes
21. Schwann cells Cells in the periphery of the body that build myelin sheaths.
22. Radial glia Guide the migration of neurons, axons, and dendrites during embryonic devel-
opment.
23. Axons Long, slender projections of neurons that transmit electrical impulses away from
the neuron's cell body.
24. What are den- Branching fibers from a neuron.
drites?
25. What is the func- They receive information from other neurons.
tion of dendrites?
26. They are narrow and lined with synaptic receivers.
, Neuropsychology WGU D574
Neuropsychology WGU D574
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gmuzw4
What is the struc-
ture of dendrites
at their ends?
27. Axon Thin fiber with constant diameter that conveys impulse to other neurons/or-
gans/muscles.
28. Myelin sheath Covers vertebrate axon.
29. Modes of Ranvier Interruptions in myelin sheath.
30. Afferent axon Brings info into structure (A= admit).
31. Efferent axon Carries info away (E=exit).
32. Blood-brain bar- Protects the brain by keeping out most viruses & bacteria and harmful chemicals
rier while allowing certain substances like oxygen and glucose to pass.
33. Glucose Main chemical necessary for the brain's nutrition.
34. Thiamine Necessary for metabolizing glucose; deficiency leads to death of neurons & Kor-
sakoff's syndrome (memory impairments).
35. Sodium-potassi- Uses active transport to pump 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in of cell.
um pump
36. Resting potential Difference in electrical change between outside & inside of neuron, maintained
by a polarized membrane.
37. Action potential A neural impulse that occurs when the membrane reaches a threshold, resulting
in depolarization.
38. All-or-none law States that amplitude & velocity of action potential are independent of the stimulus
that initiated it.
