nr283: pathophysiology final exam
exam complete questions with correct
answers and detailed rationales -
latest update 2026.-study guide
what is osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that
decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-white female,
postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-silent until fractures occur, back
pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-active lifestyle,
calcium/vitamin D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
,what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS--chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down cartilage
and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation,
fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of
function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a twist of the bone
looking like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Decrease pain threshold=increased pain sensation
, ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-amount of pain body can handle before you
involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - CORRECT ANSWERS-*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - CORRECT ANSWERS-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - CORRECT ANSWERS-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-nociceptors pick up pain signals
exam complete questions with correct
answers and detailed rationales -
latest update 2026.-study guide
what is osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that
decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-white female,
postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-silent until fractures occur, back
pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-active lifestyle,
calcium/vitamin D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS--Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
,what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS--chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down cartilage
and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-inflammation,
fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of
function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a twist of the bone
looking like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Decrease pain threshold=increased pain sensation
, ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS-prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-amount of pain body can handle before you
involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? - CORRECT ANSWERS-*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
what is pain perception? - CORRECT ANSWERS-brain interprets the signal
what is the role of pain transmission? - CORRECT ANSWERS-signal goes to the CNS
what is the role of pain transduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-nociceptors pick up pain signals
