CHAMBERLAIN NR 607 ADVANCED
HEALTHCARE POLICY AND
ADVOCACY MASTER EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. According to Kingdon’s Policy Streams Model, what must occur for a policy window to
open, allowing a specific issue to move onto the legislative agenda?
A. A judicial ruling must mandate the executive branch to draft new regulations.
B. A single influential legislator must champion the cause regardless of public opinion.
C. The budget surplus must exceed a specific threshold to fund the proposed initiative.
D. The problem stream, policy stream, and political stream must converge at a critical time.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Kingdon’s model suggests that when problems, solutions
(policy), and political will (politics) align, a ‘window of opportunity’ opens for policy
change.
2. Which economic concept explains why healthcare markets often fail to reach equilibrium
without government intervention, particularly regarding the relationship between doctors
and patients?
A. Perfect competition
,B. Economies of scale
C. The law of diminishing returns
D. Asymmetric information
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Asymmetric information occurs when one party (usually the
provider) has more or better information than the other (the patient), leading to market
inefficiencies.
3. The ‘Iron Triangle’ of healthcare policy refers to the perpetual trade-off and balance
between which three factors?
A. Doctors, Patients, and Insurance Companies
B. Legislators, Lobbyists, and the Executive Branch
C. Access, Quality, and Cost
D. Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Iron Triangle posits that it is difficult to improve one of
these factors (Access, Quality, or Cost) without negatively impacting at least one of the
others.
, 4. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution is often cited as the basis for states’ rights to
manage public health and provide healthcare services not explicitly granted to the federal
government?
A. Tenth Amendment
B. Second Amendment
C. Fifth Amendment
D. First Amendment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Tenth Amendment states that powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution are reserved to the States, forming the basis for state-
level health policy.
5. A DNP-prepared nurse is analyzing the ‘Longest’s Policy Cycle Model.’ In which stage would
the nurse most likely engage in drafting the actual language of a proposed bill?
A. Policy Implementation Phase
B. Policy Formulation Phase
C. Policy Modification Phase
D. Agenda Setting Phase
Answer: B
HEALTHCARE POLICY AND
ADVOCACY MASTER EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. According to Kingdon’s Policy Streams Model, what must occur for a policy window to
open, allowing a specific issue to move onto the legislative agenda?
A. A judicial ruling must mandate the executive branch to draft new regulations.
B. A single influential legislator must champion the cause regardless of public opinion.
C. The budget surplus must exceed a specific threshold to fund the proposed initiative.
D. The problem stream, policy stream, and political stream must converge at a critical time.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Kingdon’s model suggests that when problems, solutions
(policy), and political will (politics) align, a ‘window of opportunity’ opens for policy
change.
2. Which economic concept explains why healthcare markets often fail to reach equilibrium
without government intervention, particularly regarding the relationship between doctors
and patients?
A. Perfect competition
,B. Economies of scale
C. The law of diminishing returns
D. Asymmetric information
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Asymmetric information occurs when one party (usually the
provider) has more or better information than the other (the patient), leading to market
inefficiencies.
3. The ‘Iron Triangle’ of healthcare policy refers to the perpetual trade-off and balance
between which three factors?
A. Doctors, Patients, and Insurance Companies
B. Legislators, Lobbyists, and the Executive Branch
C. Access, Quality, and Cost
D. Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Iron Triangle posits that it is difficult to improve one of
these factors (Access, Quality, or Cost) without negatively impacting at least one of the
others.
, 4. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution is often cited as the basis for states’ rights to
manage public health and provide healthcare services not explicitly granted to the federal
government?
A. Tenth Amendment
B. Second Amendment
C. Fifth Amendment
D. First Amendment
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Tenth Amendment states that powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution are reserved to the States, forming the basis for state-
level health policy.
5. A DNP-prepared nurse is analyzing the ‘Longest’s Policy Cycle Model.’ In which stage would
the nurse most likely engage in drafting the actual language of a proposed bill?
A. Policy Implementation Phase
B. Policy Formulation Phase
C. Policy Modification Phase
D. Agenda Setting Phase
Answer: B
