WGU D440 HESI NUTRITION OBJECTIVE
ASSESSMENT EXAM (2026) ACTUAL QUESTIONS
& STUDY GUIDE | GUARANTEE PASS
WGU D027: ADVANCED PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM (100 QUESTIONS)
Table of Contents
1. Section 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Altered States
2. Section 2: Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection
3. Section 3: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
4. Section 4: Neurological and Endocrine Systems
5. Section 5: Renal, Gastrointestinal, and Hematologic Systems
6. Section 6: Advanced Pharmacology Principles
Section 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Altered States
1. Which cellular process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?
• A. Facilitated diffusion
• B. Active transport
• C. Osmosis
• D. Pinocytosis
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water. Unlike active transport, it does
not require ATP, and unlike facilitated diffusion, it specifically involves the solvent
(water) rather than solutes.
2. In an autosomal dominant disorder, what is the probability that an affected parent will
pass the trait to their offspring?
• A. 25%
• B. 50%
, • C. 75%
• D. 100%
• Correct Answer: B
• Rationale: In autosomal dominant inheritance, an individual only needs one copy of the
mutated gene to express the phenotype. If one parent is heterozygous (Aa) and the other
is unaffected (aa), there is a 50% chance of transmission.
3. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when there is an increase in the number of cells
in an organ or tissue?
• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell
size (common in cardiac and skeletal muscle). Metaplasia is the replacement of one
mature cell type with another.
4. During anaerobic metabolism, what is the primary byproduct that leads to intracellular
acidosis?
• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Pyruvate
• C. Lactic acid
• D. Adenosine triphosphate
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: In the absence of oxygen, the body converts pyruvate to lactic acid to
continue producing minimal ATP. Accumulation of lactic acid lowers cellular pH,
potentially leading to cell death.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a shortened QT interval
on an EKG?
• A. Hypocalcemia
• B. Hypercalcemia
ASSESSMENT EXAM (2026) ACTUAL QUESTIONS
& STUDY GUIDE | GUARANTEE PASS
WGU D027: ADVANCED PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM (100 QUESTIONS)
Table of Contents
1. Section 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Altered States
2. Section 2: Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection
3. Section 3: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
4. Section 4: Neurological and Endocrine Systems
5. Section 5: Renal, Gastrointestinal, and Hematologic Systems
6. Section 6: Advanced Pharmacology Principles
Section 1: Cellular Biology, Genetics, and Altered States
1. Which cellular process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?
• A. Facilitated diffusion
• B. Active transport
• C. Osmosis
• D. Pinocytosis
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water. Unlike active transport, it does
not require ATP, and unlike facilitated diffusion, it specifically involves the solvent
(water) rather than solutes.
2. In an autosomal dominant disorder, what is the probability that an affected parent will
pass the trait to their offspring?
• A. 25%
• B. 50%
, • C. 75%
• D. 100%
• Correct Answer: B
• Rationale: In autosomal dominant inheritance, an individual only needs one copy of the
mutated gene to express the phenotype. If one parent is heterozygous (Aa) and the other
is unaffected (aa), there is a 50% chance of transmission.
3. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when there is an increase in the number of cells
in an organ or tissue?
• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell
size (common in cardiac and skeletal muscle). Metaplasia is the replacement of one
mature cell type with another.
4. During anaerobic metabolism, what is the primary byproduct that leads to intracellular
acidosis?
• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Pyruvate
• C. Lactic acid
• D. Adenosine triphosphate
• Correct Answer: C
• Rationale: In the absence of oxygen, the body converts pyruvate to lactic acid to
continue producing minimal ATP. Accumulation of lactic acid lowers cellular pH,
potentially leading to cell death.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a shortened QT interval
on an EKG?
• A. Hypocalcemia
• B. Hypercalcemia
