FAD 3220 EXAM 2 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
When and why do fine motor skills improve in children - Answers - -They improve
because myelin in the brain significantly increases
-From ages 6 to 8
Growth rate in black vs. white children - Answers - Rate of growth is generally more
rapid for black children than for white
Kids in other less wealthy parts of the world - Answers - -Children in N. America receive
sufficient nutrients while in other parts of the world there can be inadequate nutrition
and disease
-Kids are shorter and weigh less
Concrete Operational Stage - Answers - -The period of cognitive development between
7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active, and appropriate use of logic
-Applies logical operations to concrete problems
-Can grasp the concept of the relationship between time and speed
Decentering - Answers - The ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account
Reversibility - Answers - -The notion that transformations to a stimulus can be reversed
-Clay can turn from a long rope shape back into a ball shape
Memory - Answers - -The process by which information is initially recorded, stored and
retrieved
-Enode, Store, Retrieve
Working memory - Answers - Short term memory
Meta-memory - Answers - -An understanding about the processes that underlie
memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood
Keyword Strategy - Answers - -Helps students learn foreign languages, the state
capitals, or information that pairs sets of words or labels that sound alike
Reading - Answers - Learning to Decipher the Meaning Behind Words
Reading Stage 0: Birth to 1st Grade - Answers - -Letter identification, recognition of
familiar words, and maybe writing their name
Reading Stage 1: 1st and 2nd Grade - Answers - Phonological recoding, sound out
words by blending letters together, learns letters and their sounds
, Reading Stage 2: 2nd and 3rd Grade: - Answers - Learn to read aloud with fluency,
don't attach meanings to words
Reading Stage 3: 4th to 8th Grade: - Answers - Reading becomes means to an end and
a way to learn
Reading Stage 4 - Answers - Children can read and process information that reflects
multiple points of view
Code-Based Approaches to Reading - Answers - -Teachers should focus on the basic
skills that underlie reading
-Emphasize the components of reading, such as letter sounds and combinations -
phonics - and how letters and sounds combine to make words
-Process the components of words, combining them into words, and using these to
derive the meaning of sentences and passages
Whole Language - Answers - Regards reading as a natural process, similar to the
acquisition of normal language
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - Answers - Sternberg's theory that intelligence is made
up of three major components, componential, experiential and contextual
Componential - Answers - -Reflects how efficiently people process and analyze
information
-Efficiency in this allows people to find relationships among aspects of a problem, solve
the problem, and then evaluate their solution
Experiential - Answers - -The insightful component of intelligence
-People who are strong in this can easily compare new material with what they know
and can combine things in creative ways
Contextual - Answers - Concerns practical intelligence, or ways of dealing with everyday
demands
Self-Esteem - Answers - -An individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-
evaluation
-More emotionally oriented
-Overall self-esteem is generally high during middle childhood, but tends to decline
around age 12, affected mainly by changing schools
Black Self-Esteem - Answers - Black children tend to show slightly higher self-esteem
than white children around age 11
Hispanic Self-Esteem - Answers - Hispanic children also show an increase in self-
esteem toward the end of middle childhood
When and why do fine motor skills improve in children - Answers - -They improve
because myelin in the brain significantly increases
-From ages 6 to 8
Growth rate in black vs. white children - Answers - Rate of growth is generally more
rapid for black children than for white
Kids in other less wealthy parts of the world - Answers - -Children in N. America receive
sufficient nutrients while in other parts of the world there can be inadequate nutrition
and disease
-Kids are shorter and weigh less
Concrete Operational Stage - Answers - -The period of cognitive development between
7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active, and appropriate use of logic
-Applies logical operations to concrete problems
-Can grasp the concept of the relationship between time and speed
Decentering - Answers - The ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account
Reversibility - Answers - -The notion that transformations to a stimulus can be reversed
-Clay can turn from a long rope shape back into a ball shape
Memory - Answers - -The process by which information is initially recorded, stored and
retrieved
-Enode, Store, Retrieve
Working memory - Answers - Short term memory
Meta-memory - Answers - -An understanding about the processes that underlie
memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood
Keyword Strategy - Answers - -Helps students learn foreign languages, the state
capitals, or information that pairs sets of words or labels that sound alike
Reading - Answers - Learning to Decipher the Meaning Behind Words
Reading Stage 0: Birth to 1st Grade - Answers - -Letter identification, recognition of
familiar words, and maybe writing their name
Reading Stage 1: 1st and 2nd Grade - Answers - Phonological recoding, sound out
words by blending letters together, learns letters and their sounds
, Reading Stage 2: 2nd and 3rd Grade: - Answers - Learn to read aloud with fluency,
don't attach meanings to words
Reading Stage 3: 4th to 8th Grade: - Answers - Reading becomes means to an end and
a way to learn
Reading Stage 4 - Answers - Children can read and process information that reflects
multiple points of view
Code-Based Approaches to Reading - Answers - -Teachers should focus on the basic
skills that underlie reading
-Emphasize the components of reading, such as letter sounds and combinations -
phonics - and how letters and sounds combine to make words
-Process the components of words, combining them into words, and using these to
derive the meaning of sentences and passages
Whole Language - Answers - Regards reading as a natural process, similar to the
acquisition of normal language
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - Answers - Sternberg's theory that intelligence is made
up of three major components, componential, experiential and contextual
Componential - Answers - -Reflects how efficiently people process and analyze
information
-Efficiency in this allows people to find relationships among aspects of a problem, solve
the problem, and then evaluate their solution
Experiential - Answers - -The insightful component of intelligence
-People who are strong in this can easily compare new material with what they know
and can combine things in creative ways
Contextual - Answers - Concerns practical intelligence, or ways of dealing with everyday
demands
Self-Esteem - Answers - -An individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-
evaluation
-More emotionally oriented
-Overall self-esteem is generally high during middle childhood, but tends to decline
around age 12, affected mainly by changing schools
Black Self-Esteem - Answers - Black children tend to show slightly higher self-esteem
than white children around age 11
Hispanic Self-Esteem - Answers - Hispanic children also show an increase in self-
esteem toward the end of middle childhood
