CHD 3243 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Chapter 5
What are freud and erikson's views on gender? - answers - genitals influence his or her
gender behavior
Freud: gender and sexual behavior are unlearned and instinctual
Erikson: extended freud's argument, but then modified it
What is the evolutionary psychology's view on gender? - answers - adaption during the
evolution of humans produced psychological difference between males and females
(males and females face different pressures)
Explains the key differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
What is social role theory? - answers - gender differences mainly result from the
contrasting roles of females and males
What is the social cognitive theory of gender? - answers - emphasizes that children's
and adolescent's gender development is influenced by:
1. Their observation and imitation of others' gender behavior
2. The rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate and gender-
inappropriate behavior
What are the social influences on gender (5)? - answers - 1. Parents
2. Peers
3. Schools/teachers
4. Mass media
5. Siblings
True or false: mothers and fathers often interact differently with their sons - answers -
true
Are mothers or fathers more involved? - answers - mothers
,True or false: fathers tend to show more attention towards their daughters than sons -
answers - false, tend to show more attention towards sons
True or false: mothers interactions with children are centered around caregiving and
teaching - answers - true
True or false: fathers interactions with children are more centered around leisure and
fun - answers - true
How do younger siblings become more similar to their older siblings? - answers -
gender-role and leisure activity
Friendships in adolescence are more with (same-sex/different-sex) peers - answers -
same-sex
(boys/girls) tend to be more compliant, more highly valued and reinforced in the
classrooms - answers - girls
(boys/girls) tend to be more criticized by teachers because they are not socialized to be
compliant and focused - answers - boys
Teachers tend to spend more time interacting with (boys/girls) - answers - boys
(boys/girls) are more likley to get lower grades/repeat a grade - answers - boys
(boys/girls) often feel more dissatisfied with their bodies due to mass media - answers -
girls
What is gender schema theory? - answers - gender-typing emerges as children and
adolescents gradually develop gender schemes of what is gender-appropriate and
gender-inapproproate in their culture
What is gender stereotyping? - answers - general impressions and beliefs about
females and males
Are males or females more likely to drop out of high school? - answers - males
Beginning in 1996, (men/women) were more likely to enroll in college than their peers -
answers - women
(males/females) show greater overall academic interest in achievement, but less likely
to enter stem fields - answers - females
In all cultures studied, (boys/girls) tend to be more physically aggressive - answers -
boys
, Relational aggression comprises a greater percentage of (boys'/girls') overall
aggression - answers - girls'
Rapport talk vs. Report talk - answers - *rapport*: language of conversation, way of
establishing connections and negotiating relationships
*report*: talk that gives information (public speaking)
(males/females) enjoy more rapport talk
(males/females) enjoy more report talk - answers - females; males
True or false: boys and girls demonstrate differences in play, communication, and self-
disclosure - answers - true
(boys/girls) view themselves as more prosocial and empathetic - answers - girls
(boys/girls) demonstrate more prosocial behavior and show more empathy - answers -
girls
(males/females) express more emotion, are better at decoding emotions, smile more,
cry more, and are happier - answers - females
(males/females) experience and express more anger - answers - males
(boys/girls) usually show less emotional self-regulation, which can translate into
behavior problems - answers - boys
What are instrumental vs. Expressive traits? - answers - *instrumental*: a well-adjusted
boy was supposed to be independent, aggressive, and powerful
*expressive*: a well-adjusted girl was supposed to be dependent, nurturing, and
uninterested in power
What is androgyny? - answers - the presence of a high degree of masculine and
feminine characteristics in the same individual
What is the gender intensification hypothesis? - answers - psychological and behavioral
differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because
of increased socialization pressures to conform to traditional and feminine roles
Chapter 6 - answers - chapter 6
How is sexual culture portrayed in the media? - answers - sex is explicitly portrayed in
movies, videos, lyrics of popular music, mtv, and internet websites
ANSWERS
Chapter 5
What are freud and erikson's views on gender? - answers - genitals influence his or her
gender behavior
Freud: gender and sexual behavior are unlearned and instinctual
Erikson: extended freud's argument, but then modified it
What is the evolutionary psychology's view on gender? - answers - adaption during the
evolution of humans produced psychological difference between males and females
(males and females face different pressures)
Explains the key differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
What is social role theory? - answers - gender differences mainly result from the
contrasting roles of females and males
What is the social cognitive theory of gender? - answers - emphasizes that children's
and adolescent's gender development is influenced by:
1. Their observation and imitation of others' gender behavior
2. The rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate and gender-
inappropriate behavior
What are the social influences on gender (5)? - answers - 1. Parents
2. Peers
3. Schools/teachers
4. Mass media
5. Siblings
True or false: mothers and fathers often interact differently with their sons - answers -
true
Are mothers or fathers more involved? - answers - mothers
,True or false: fathers tend to show more attention towards their daughters than sons -
answers - false, tend to show more attention towards sons
True or false: mothers interactions with children are centered around caregiving and
teaching - answers - true
True or false: fathers interactions with children are more centered around leisure and
fun - answers - true
How do younger siblings become more similar to their older siblings? - answers -
gender-role and leisure activity
Friendships in adolescence are more with (same-sex/different-sex) peers - answers -
same-sex
(boys/girls) tend to be more compliant, more highly valued and reinforced in the
classrooms - answers - girls
(boys/girls) tend to be more criticized by teachers because they are not socialized to be
compliant and focused - answers - boys
Teachers tend to spend more time interacting with (boys/girls) - answers - boys
(boys/girls) are more likley to get lower grades/repeat a grade - answers - boys
(boys/girls) often feel more dissatisfied with their bodies due to mass media - answers -
girls
What is gender schema theory? - answers - gender-typing emerges as children and
adolescents gradually develop gender schemes of what is gender-appropriate and
gender-inapproproate in their culture
What is gender stereotyping? - answers - general impressions and beliefs about
females and males
Are males or females more likely to drop out of high school? - answers - males
Beginning in 1996, (men/women) were more likely to enroll in college than their peers -
answers - women
(males/females) show greater overall academic interest in achievement, but less likely
to enter stem fields - answers - females
In all cultures studied, (boys/girls) tend to be more physically aggressive - answers -
boys
, Relational aggression comprises a greater percentage of (boys'/girls') overall
aggression - answers - girls'
Rapport talk vs. Report talk - answers - *rapport*: language of conversation, way of
establishing connections and negotiating relationships
*report*: talk that gives information (public speaking)
(males/females) enjoy more rapport talk
(males/females) enjoy more report talk - answers - females; males
True or false: boys and girls demonstrate differences in play, communication, and self-
disclosure - answers - true
(boys/girls) view themselves as more prosocial and empathetic - answers - girls
(boys/girls) demonstrate more prosocial behavior and show more empathy - answers -
girls
(males/females) express more emotion, are better at decoding emotions, smile more,
cry more, and are happier - answers - females
(males/females) experience and express more anger - answers - males
(boys/girls) usually show less emotional self-regulation, which can translate into
behavior problems - answers - boys
What are instrumental vs. Expressive traits? - answers - *instrumental*: a well-adjusted
boy was supposed to be independent, aggressive, and powerful
*expressive*: a well-adjusted girl was supposed to be dependent, nurturing, and
uninterested in power
What is androgyny? - answers - the presence of a high degree of masculine and
feminine characteristics in the same individual
What is the gender intensification hypothesis? - answers - psychological and behavioral
differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because
of increased socialization pressures to conform to traditional and feminine roles
Chapter 6 - answers - chapter 6
How is sexual culture portrayed in the media? - answers - sex is explicitly portrayed in
movies, videos, lyrics of popular music, mtv, and internet websites
