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Celfysiologie Samenvatting KU Leuven 25/26

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Volledig overzicht van de cursus. Soms mooi samengevat/gestructureerd, soms enkel titels en boodschappen als kapstok. Enkele uitwerkingen van oefeningen die op de slides getoond werden. Bevat ook aantekeningen van bij de online practica.

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Celfysio
13*2=26u hoorcollege: membraantransport, spier, neuro, sensoren

Examen 18p; 1 + 1open & 10 + 10 MC
+ 2p practicum verslagen


Table of Contents
1. Inleidend - transmbrnair transport.............................................2
Ionenverdeling - mbrnen - kanalen - transporters..................................2
2. Transmembranair transport.......................................................4
Transepitheliaal transport....................................................................4
Elektrofysio primer..............................................................................6
3. Actiepotentialen (!)...................................................................7
Diversiteit van actiepotentialen (!).......................................................7
Inleiding........................................................................................................................... 7
AP in neuronen................................................................................................................. 8
AP in hart en skeletspier.................................................................................................. 8
(AP in andere celtypes) -> geen vragen; ter interesse...................................................10

4-5. Synaps................................................................................10
1. Inleiding........................................................................................10
2. Neuromusculaire synaps (typevoorbeeld)........................................10
3. Centrale synaps.............................................................................11
1) Eigenschappen.......................................................................................................... 11
2) Neurotransmitters..................................................................................................... 13
3) Integratie van input................................................................................................... 15
4) Plasticiteit.................................................................................................................. 15

6-7. Spieren...............................................................................17
1. Contractie-relaxatie mechanismen..................................................17
1. Dwarsgestreepte spieren........................................................................................... 17
2. Gladde spieren........................................................................................................... 18

2. Excitatie-contractie koppeling........................................................18
1. Skeletspier................................................................................................................. 18
2. Hartspier.................................................................................................................... 19
3. Gladde spieren........................................................................................................... 20

3. Mechanica spiercontractie..............................................................21
1. Skeletspieren............................................................................................................. 21

, 2. Hartspier.................................................................................................................... 22
3. Gladde spieren........................................................................................................... 23

8. Autonoom ZS..........................................................................23
1) Principes van organisatie in zenuwstelsel.......................................23
2) Autonome synaps..........................................................................24
3) Autonome controle bloeddruk en hartfunctie..................................25
9. pH-homeostase......................................................................27
10. Volume-homeostase.............................................................28
11. Sensorische transductie: chemo, foto....................................30
Reuk.................................................................................................30
Smaak...............................................................................................31
Zicht.................................................................................................32
12. Sensorische transductie: mechano.........................................33
13. Sensorische transductie: somatosensatie, pijn.......................35
Practica.....................................................................................38
Afkortingen

AP: Actiepotentiaal
DP: Drempelpotentiaal
ECF: Extracellular fluid
EPP: Eindplaat-potentiaal/Excitatorische postsynaptische potentiaal
GIRK: G-proteine gestuurde Kir-kanalen
HCN: Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide channel
R: Receptor

s: 0,03 mM/mmHg  oplosbaarheidscoefficient


1. Inleidend - transmbrnair transport
 vnl opbouw, basisconcepten

Ionenverdeling - mbrnen - kanalen - transporters
[Vloeistofcompartimenten samenstelling]

(Intracel vs interstitium & plasma tabel)

Transmembranaire flux: o + i = net

,[Energetische beschouwingen bij beweging moleculen doorheen mbrnen]

Evenwichtspotentiaal voor ionen; Nernstvgl (Ex in mV) = 60/z log Xo/Xi

Drijvende kracht ion X = Vm – Ex

Drijvende kracht consequenties:
- >0: efflux kationen | influx anionen
- <0: influx kationen | efflux anionen
- 0  ∆G = 0
(enkele typische waarden tabel)

Berekeningen DK:
1. Eca = 60/2 * log (Ca2+)o/(Ca2+)i = 30 * log (2*10^-3)/log(2*10^-7) =
30*4 = +120mV
DKca = -70mV – 120mV = -190mV -> Ca stroomt naar binnen

2. Ehco3 = 60/-1*log5/50 = -60*log10^-1 = -60*-1 = 60mV
DKhco3 = -60 – (-60mV) = -120mV -> flux naar buiten

3. pHo 7,5 -> protonenconc 10^-7,5 (H+conc = 10^-pH)
Eh = 60/1 * log(H+)o/(H+)i = 60 * log(10^-7,5)/(10^-7,1) = 60 * log10^-0,4
= 60 * -0,4 = -24mV
DKh = 0 - -24mV = 24mV -> naar buiten

Fosfolipidendubbellaag semi-permeabel voor ureum, water
Impermeabel voor ionen en geladen moleculen

ATPases  opbouw gradiënten

Verschillende soorten ionkanalen;
kanalen: schakelmechanisme
uniporters: conformatieverandering
pories vb aquaporines, perforine

Gefaciliteerde diffusie vgl (tabel)

Ionenkanalen afkomstig uit vele genen, wederkerende structuren
 connexines (gap junction)
 voltage-gated kation superfamilie
 ENaC
 ligandgestuurde kanalen
 Cl-kanalen
 Ca+release channels
 store-operated channels
 experimenteler:

, - Piezo’s: mechanogevoelig
- TMC: mechanogevoelig in oor
- LRRC8 - SWELL: Volume-gevoelig
- Otopetrin: H+kanaal in smaakcellen

Transporters: SLC (solute carrier) superfam
 uniporters, cotransporters, antiporters (exchangers)

Berekeningen richting transport:
ΔGna = 6000 * log(15/150) + 1*100*(-70) = -13.000 J/mol

ΔGhco3 = 6000 * log(20/20) (=0) + (-1) * 100 * -70 = 7000 J/mol
z = ion coefficient

ΔGCl = 6000 * log(15/150) + -1 * 100 * -70 = + 1000 J/mol

ΔG NDCBE = 2 ΔGhco3 + ΔGna – ΔGcl = 0 J/mol -> geen (netto) activiteit
ΔG AE = ΔGcl – ΔGhco3 = -6000 J/mol negatieve ΔG -> reactie gaat op zoals
weergegeven; (fig)

Definities agonist - antagonist - EC50 - IC50 -ED50 (lager is krachtiger voor
alle 3)
nH: Hill-coëfficiënt
Experimentele bepaling IC50 (zie practicum)


2. Transmembranair transport
Transepitheliaal transport
Na+homeostase (geen afbraak/aanmaak Na+; enkel uit voeding)
Conc ECF > ICF
(17*145 -> 2450 mmol)

HypoNa: <135mM (RVD in cellen; gezwollen cel geeft ionen en water vrij 
Decrease)
< NormoNa (Regulatory Volume)
< HyperNa: >145mM (RVI in cellen: gekrompen cel neemt ionen en water
op  Increase)

Normale response op overdreven zoutinname:
bij >180mM  (hersen)cellen krimpen, spasmes, coma…

Algemene structuur epithelia:
- tight  veel junctions; vooral transcellulair transport
- leaky  weinig junctions; meer paracellulair transport
Elektrisch profiel

Table of contents

  1. 01 1. Inleidend - transmbrnair transport 2
    1. Ionenverdeling - mbrnen - kanalen - transporters 2
  2. 02 2. Transmembranair transport 4
    1. Transepitheliaal transport 4
    2. Elektrofysio primer 6
  3. 03 3. Actiepotentialen (!) 7
    1. Diversiteit van actiepotentialen (!) 7
  4. 04 4-5. Synaps 10
    1. 1. Inleiding 10
    2. 2. Neuromusculaire synaps (typevoorbeeld) 10
    3. 3. Centrale synaps 12
  5. 05 6-7. Spieren 18
    1. 1. Contractie-relaxatie mechanismen 18
    2. 2. Excitatie-contractie koppeling 19
    3. 3. Mechanica spiercontractie 21
  6. 06 8. Autonoom ZS 24
    1. 1) Principes van organisatie in zenuwstelsel 24
    2. 2) Autonome synaps 25
    3. 3) Autonome controle bloeddruk en hartfunctie 26
  7. 07 9. pH-homeostase 27
  8. 08 10. Volume-homeostase 29
  9. 09 11. Sensorische transductie: chemo, foto 30
    1. Reuk 31
    2. Smaak 32
    3. Zicht 32
  10. 10 12. Sensorische transductie: mechano 34
  11. 11 13. Sensorische transductie: somatosensatie, pijn 36
  12. 12 Practica 39
  13. 13 Voorbeeldexamenvragen 40
  14. 14 Februari 23 44
  15. 15 Januari 25 47

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Uploaded on
August 2, 2026
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