,NR224/NR 224 Exam 3 | Fundamentals of Nursing |
Chamberlain University | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
A) The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
B) The total number of calories burned during physical exercise
C) The amount of energy required to digest and absorb food
D) The resting metabolic rate measured over a 24-hour period
Correct Answer: The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at
rest
Rationale: BMR is the energy required to maintain basic life-sustaining activities such as breathing,
circulation, and cell function while at rest. It is measured in kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per
hour. REE (resting energy expenditure) is the BMR measured over 24 hours.
2. A nurse is calculating the BMI of a patient who weighs 220 pounds and is 5 feet 10 inches tall. The BMI
is 31.6. How should the nurse classify this BMI?
A) Underweight
B) Normal weight
C) Overweight
D) Obese
Correct Answer: Obese
Rationale: BMI classifications are: underweight <18.5, normal 18.5–24.9, overweight 25–29.9, and obese
≥30. A BMI of 31.6 falls into the obese category, indicating the patient is at increased risk for weight-
related health problems requiring nursing interventions and education.
3. What is the most calorie-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal per gram?
,A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats (lipids)
D) Vitamins
Correct Answer: Fats (lipids)
Rationale: Fats provide 9 kcal per gram, making them the most calorie-dense macronutrient.
Carbohydrates and proteins each provide 4 kcal per gram. Vitamins are micronutrients that do not
provide energy but are essential for metabolic processes.
4. A patient is prescribed a 1500 mL fluid restriction per day. The patient has consumed 12 oz of water, 8
oz of juice, and 4 oz of soup. How many mL remain in the patient's fluid allowance?
A) 280 mL
B) 480 mL
C) 720 mL
D) 780 mL
Correct Answer: 780 mL
Rationale: Total consumed = 12 + 8 + 4 = 24 oz. 24 × 30 mL = 720 mL consumed. 1500 − 720 = 780 mL
remaining. Accurate fluid intake calculation is essential for managing fluid restrictions and preventing
fluid overload in patients with conditions such as heart failure or renal disease.
5. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin C
, Correct Answer: Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve in water and
are excreted in urine. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and are stored in the body's fatty tissues
and liver, making toxicity possible with excessive intake.
6. A nurse is assessing a patient for signs of malnutrition. Which finding is most consistent with protein
deficiency?
A) Dry, scaly skin
B) Thin, sparse hair that breaks easily
C) Night blindness
D) Bleeding gums
Correct Answer: Thin, sparse hair that breaks easily
Rationale: Protein deficiency manifests as thin, coarse, dull hair that breaks easily and lacks luster. Dry
scaly skin is associated with vitamin A or essential fatty acid deficiency. Night blindness indicates vitamin
A deficiency, and bleeding gums suggest vitamin C deficiency.
7. Which of the following is a correct principle for enteral nutrition administration?
A) Verify tube placement before each feeding
B) Flush the tube with carbonated beverages
C) Position the patient supine during feedings
D) Administer feedings at room temperature only
Correct Answer: Verify tube placement before each feeding
Rationale: Verification of nasogastric tube placement before each feeding is essential to prevent
accidental misplacement into the lungs. Carbonated beverages are not recommended for flushing,
supine positioning increases aspiration risk, and feeding temperature should be closer to body
temperature.
Chamberlain University | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition
(PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
A) The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
B) The total number of calories burned during physical exercise
C) The amount of energy required to digest and absorb food
D) The resting metabolic rate measured over a 24-hour period
Correct Answer: The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at
rest
Rationale: BMR is the energy required to maintain basic life-sustaining activities such as breathing,
circulation, and cell function while at rest. It is measured in kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per
hour. REE (resting energy expenditure) is the BMR measured over 24 hours.
2. A nurse is calculating the BMI of a patient who weighs 220 pounds and is 5 feet 10 inches tall. The BMI
is 31.6. How should the nurse classify this BMI?
A) Underweight
B) Normal weight
C) Overweight
D) Obese
Correct Answer: Obese
Rationale: BMI classifications are: underweight <18.5, normal 18.5–24.9, overweight 25–29.9, and obese
≥30. A BMI of 31.6 falls into the obese category, indicating the patient is at increased risk for weight-
related health problems requiring nursing interventions and education.
3. What is the most calorie-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal per gram?
,A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats (lipids)
D) Vitamins
Correct Answer: Fats (lipids)
Rationale: Fats provide 9 kcal per gram, making them the most calorie-dense macronutrient.
Carbohydrates and proteins each provide 4 kcal per gram. Vitamins are micronutrients that do not
provide energy but are essential for metabolic processes.
4. A patient is prescribed a 1500 mL fluid restriction per day. The patient has consumed 12 oz of water, 8
oz of juice, and 4 oz of soup. How many mL remain in the patient's fluid allowance?
A) 280 mL
B) 480 mL
C) 720 mL
D) 780 mL
Correct Answer: 780 mL
Rationale: Total consumed = 12 + 8 + 4 = 24 oz. 24 × 30 mL = 720 mL consumed. 1500 − 720 = 780 mL
remaining. Accurate fluid intake calculation is essential for managing fluid restrictions and preventing
fluid overload in patients with conditions such as heart failure or renal disease.
5. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin C
, Correct Answer: Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve in water and
are excreted in urine. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and are stored in the body's fatty tissues
and liver, making toxicity possible with excessive intake.
6. A nurse is assessing a patient for signs of malnutrition. Which finding is most consistent with protein
deficiency?
A) Dry, scaly skin
B) Thin, sparse hair that breaks easily
C) Night blindness
D) Bleeding gums
Correct Answer: Thin, sparse hair that breaks easily
Rationale: Protein deficiency manifests as thin, coarse, dull hair that breaks easily and lacks luster. Dry
scaly skin is associated with vitamin A or essential fatty acid deficiency. Night blindness indicates vitamin
A deficiency, and bleeding gums suggest vitamin C deficiency.
7. Which of the following is a correct principle for enteral nutrition administration?
A) Verify tube placement before each feeding
B) Flush the tube with carbonated beverages
C) Position the patient supine during feedings
D) Administer feedings at room temperature only
Correct Answer: Verify tube placement before each feeding
Rationale: Verification of nasogastric tube placement before each feeding is essential to prevent
accidental misplacement into the lungs. Carbonated beverages are not recommended for flushing,
supine positioning increases aspiration risk, and feeding temperature should be closer to body
temperature.
