ANP 1105 FINAL AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST
2026 TEST BANK| ANP1105 HUMAN
ANATOMY FINAL EXAM PREP
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS & HEMODYNAMICS
1. The aorta is an example of a(n):
• A) Arteriole
• B) Vein
• C) Elastic artery
• D) Muscular artery
Answer: C) Elastic artery
Rationale: Elastic arteries are the largest arteries, such as the aorta and its major
branches. They have thick walls with abundant elastic fibers, allowing them to
withstand high pressure and dampen fluctuations from the heart's pumping
action.
2. Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?
• A) Aorta
• B) Pulmonary arteries
• C) Carotid arteries
• D) Renal arteries
Answer: B) Pulmonary arteries
Rationale: The pulmonary arteries are unique in that they carry deoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. All other arteries in the
systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood.
,3. The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
Rationale: The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica externa (adventitia).
The tunica intima is the innermost layer, composed of simple squamous epithelium
that provides a low-friction surface.
4. What type of tissue is found in the walls of arteries that leave the heart but
not in the walls of the large veins that enter the heart?
• A) Endothelium
• B) Smooth muscle
• C) Elastic tissue
• D) Collagen fibers
Answer: C) Elastic tissue
Rationale: Elastic arteries near the heart contain abundant elastic fibers in their
tunica media to accommodate the high-pressure blood flow from ventricular
contraction. Large veins do not require this same elastic capacity.
5. Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
,Rationale: Vasodilation occurs when smooth muscle relaxes, increasing the
diameter of the vessel lumen. Vasoconstriction occurs when smooth muscle
contracts, decreasing the diameter.
6. Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?
• A) Vasoconstriction
• B) Increasing blood vessel length
• C) Atherosclerosis
• D) Anemia
Answer: D) Anemia
Rationale: Anemia reduces blood viscosity, which decreases resistance to blood
flow. Vasoconstriction, increased vessel length, and atherosclerosis all increase
resistance.
7. Which capillaries are the most common in the body?
• A) Sinusoids
• B) Anastomoses
• C) Continuous capillaries
• D) Fenestrated capillaries
Answer: C) Continuous capillaries
Rationale: Continuous capillaries are the least permeable and most common type,
found in skin, muscle, and nervous tissue. They have a continuous endothelial
lining without pores.
, 8. A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of
blood into the capillaries.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: A) True
Rationale: Precapillary sphincters are rings of smooth muscle that control blood
flow into capillary beds through autoregulation, responding to metabolic and
myogenic demands.
9. Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood
flow?
• A) Blood viscosity
• B) Vessel diameter
• C) Vessel length
• D) Total blood volume
Answer: D) Total blood volume
Rationale: Total blood volume affects blood pressure but is not a direct source of
peripheral resistance. The three factors influencing total peripheral resistance are
blood viscosity, vessel diameter, and vessel length.
10. Which of the following will lower blood pressure?
• A) Aldosterone
• B) Angiotensin II
• C) Atrial natriuretic peptide
• D) Antidiuretic hormone
2026 TEST BANK| ANP1105 HUMAN
ANATOMY FINAL EXAM PREP
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS & HEMODYNAMICS
1. The aorta is an example of a(n):
• A) Arteriole
• B) Vein
• C) Elastic artery
• D) Muscular artery
Answer: C) Elastic artery
Rationale: Elastic arteries are the largest arteries, such as the aorta and its major
branches. They have thick walls with abundant elastic fibers, allowing them to
withstand high pressure and dampen fluctuations from the heart's pumping
action.
2. Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?
• A) Aorta
• B) Pulmonary arteries
• C) Carotid arteries
• D) Renal arteries
Answer: B) Pulmonary arteries
Rationale: The pulmonary arteries are unique in that they carry deoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. All other arteries in the
systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood.
,3. The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
Rationale: The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica externa (adventitia).
The tunica intima is the innermost layer, composed of simple squamous epithelium
that provides a low-friction surface.
4. What type of tissue is found in the walls of arteries that leave the heart but
not in the walls of the large veins that enter the heart?
• A) Endothelium
• B) Smooth muscle
• C) Elastic tissue
• D) Collagen fibers
Answer: C) Elastic tissue
Rationale: Elastic arteries near the heart contain abundant elastic fibers in their
tunica media to accommodate the high-pressure blood flow from ventricular
contraction. Large veins do not require this same elastic capacity.
5. Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: B) False
,Rationale: Vasodilation occurs when smooth muscle relaxes, increasing the
diameter of the vessel lumen. Vasoconstriction occurs when smooth muscle
contracts, decreasing the diameter.
6. Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?
• A) Vasoconstriction
• B) Increasing blood vessel length
• C) Atherosclerosis
• D) Anemia
Answer: D) Anemia
Rationale: Anemia reduces blood viscosity, which decreases resistance to blood
flow. Vasoconstriction, increased vessel length, and atherosclerosis all increase
resistance.
7. Which capillaries are the most common in the body?
• A) Sinusoids
• B) Anastomoses
• C) Continuous capillaries
• D) Fenestrated capillaries
Answer: C) Continuous capillaries
Rationale: Continuous capillaries are the least permeable and most common type,
found in skin, muscle, and nervous tissue. They have a continuous endothelial
lining without pores.
, 8. A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of
blood into the capillaries.
• A) True
• B) False
Answer: A) True
Rationale: Precapillary sphincters are rings of smooth muscle that control blood
flow into capillary beds through autoregulation, responding to metabolic and
myogenic demands.
9. Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood
flow?
• A) Blood viscosity
• B) Vessel diameter
• C) Vessel length
• D) Total blood volume
Answer: D) Total blood volume
Rationale: Total blood volume affects blood pressure but is not a direct source of
peripheral resistance. The three factors influencing total peripheral resistance are
blood viscosity, vessel diameter, and vessel length.
10. Which of the following will lower blood pressure?
• A) Aldosterone
• B) Angiotensin II
• C) Atrial natriuretic peptide
• D) Antidiuretic hormone
