NRl 546/l NR546l Finall Exam:l Advancedl
Pharmacology:l Psychopharmacologyl forl
thel Psychiatric-Mentall Healthl Nursel
Practitionerl Reviewl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l
Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
l Whyl dol extended-releasel formulationsl ofl stimulantsl havel al lowerl riskl ofl abuse?
Answer:
Theyl dol notl blockl DAl transportersl fastl orl longl enoughl inl thel nucleusl accumbensl tol
increasel phasicl signaling.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl norepinephrinel transportersl (NET)l inl thel prefrontall cortex?
Answer:
Inhibitingl NETl inl thel prefrontall cortexl increasesl bothl dopaminel (DA)l andl
norepinephrinel (NE).
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel recommendationl forl acamprosatel usel inl olderl adults?
Answer:
Acamprosatel shouldl bel usedl withl cautionl inl olderl adults.
QUESTION
,l Whatl isl al disulfiraml reaction?
Answer:
Al disulfiraml reactionl canl occurl forl upl tol 14l daysl afterl alcoholl hasl beenl consumed.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel significancel ofl tonicl firingl inl ADHDl treatment?
Answer:
Tonicl firingl isl thoughtl tol bel linkedl tol thel therapeuticl effectsl ofl stimulantsl inl ADHD.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel effectl ofl phasicl firingl onl immediate-releasel stimulants?
Answer:
Immediate-releasel stimulantsl havel al higherl riskl ofl abusel duel tol theirl effectl onl phasicl
firing.
QUESTION
l Whatl shouldl bel consideredl whenl usingl acamprosatel inl pregnantl women?
Answer:
Acamprosatel mayl bel necessaryl ifl thel motherl cannotl stopl drinkingl alcohol,l despitel notl
beingl recommended.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl thel VLPOl (Ventrolaterall preopticl area)l inl sleepl regulation?
Answer:
Itl tellsl thel sevenl wakefulnessl areasl ofl thel brainl tol 'shutl off'.
,QUESTION
l Whichl neurotransmittersl arel excitatoryl andl stimulatel wakefulness?
Answer:
Acetylcholine,l norepinephrine,l histamine,l serotonin,l orexin,l andl dopamine.
QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel sleep-promotingl neurotransmitters?
Answer:
Gammal aminobutyricl acidl (GABA)l andl melatonin.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl al melatoninl agonistl medicationl usedl forl sleep?
Answer:
Ramelteonl (Rozerem).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel twol orexinl receptorl antagonistsl usedl forl insomnia?
Answer:
Suvorexantl (Belsomra)l andl lemborexantl (Dayvigo).
QUESTION
l Listl threel sedatingl antidepressantsl thatl canl bel usedl forl sleepl issues.
Answer:
Trazodonel (Desyrel),l amitriptylinel (Elavil),l andl mirtazapinel (Remeron).
, QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel potentiall risksl associatedl withl Z-drugs?
Answer:
Potentiall forl abuse/dependence,l increasedl suicidall ideations,l andl reboundl insomnial uponl
abruptl discontinuation.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl orexinl (hypocretin)l andl itsl function?
Answer:
Al neurotransmitterl thatl increasesl wakefulnessl andl arousal.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl al commonl causel ofl insomnial mentionedl inl thel notes?
Answer:
Restlessl legsl syndromel (RLS).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel twol first-linel treatmentsl forl restlessl legsl syndrome?
Answer:
Dopaminel agonistsl likel pramipexolel (Mirapex)l andl ropinirolel (Requip).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel twol hallmarksl ofl Alzheimer'sl disease?
Answer:
Amyloidl plaquesl andl neurofibrillaryl tangles.
Pharmacology:l Psychopharmacologyl forl
thel Psychiatric-Mentall Healthl Nursel
Practitionerl Reviewl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l
Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
l Whyl dol extended-releasel formulationsl ofl stimulantsl havel al lowerl riskl ofl abuse?
Answer:
Theyl dol notl blockl DAl transportersl fastl orl longl enoughl inl thel nucleusl accumbensl tol
increasel phasicl signaling.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl norepinephrinel transportersl (NET)l inl thel prefrontall cortex?
Answer:
Inhibitingl NETl inl thel prefrontall cortexl increasesl bothl dopaminel (DA)l andl
norepinephrinel (NE).
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel recommendationl forl acamprosatel usel inl olderl adults?
Answer:
Acamprosatel shouldl bel usedl withl cautionl inl olderl adults.
QUESTION
,l Whatl isl al disulfiraml reaction?
Answer:
Al disulfiraml reactionl canl occurl forl upl tol 14l daysl afterl alcoholl hasl beenl consumed.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel significancel ofl tonicl firingl inl ADHDl treatment?
Answer:
Tonicl firingl isl thoughtl tol bel linkedl tol thel therapeuticl effectsl ofl stimulantsl inl ADHD.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel effectl ofl phasicl firingl onl immediate-releasel stimulants?
Answer:
Immediate-releasel stimulantsl havel al higherl riskl ofl abusel duel tol theirl effectl onl phasicl
firing.
QUESTION
l Whatl shouldl bel consideredl whenl usingl acamprosatel inl pregnantl women?
Answer:
Acamprosatel mayl bel necessaryl ifl thel motherl cannotl stopl drinkingl alcohol,l despitel notl
beingl recommended.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl thel VLPOl (Ventrolaterall preopticl area)l inl sleepl regulation?
Answer:
Itl tellsl thel sevenl wakefulnessl areasl ofl thel brainl tol 'shutl off'.
,QUESTION
l Whichl neurotransmittersl arel excitatoryl andl stimulatel wakefulness?
Answer:
Acetylcholine,l norepinephrine,l histamine,l serotonin,l orexin,l andl dopamine.
QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel sleep-promotingl neurotransmitters?
Answer:
Gammal aminobutyricl acidl (GABA)l andl melatonin.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl al melatoninl agonistl medicationl usedl forl sleep?
Answer:
Ramelteonl (Rozerem).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel twol orexinl receptorl antagonistsl usedl forl insomnia?
Answer:
Suvorexantl (Belsomra)l andl lemborexantl (Dayvigo).
QUESTION
l Listl threel sedatingl antidepressantsl thatl canl bel usedl forl sleepl issues.
Answer:
Trazodonel (Desyrel),l amitriptylinel (Elavil),l andl mirtazapinel (Remeron).
, QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel potentiall risksl associatedl withl Z-drugs?
Answer:
Potentiall forl abuse/dependence,l increasedl suicidall ideations,l andl reboundl insomnial uponl
abruptl discontinuation.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl orexinl (hypocretin)l andl itsl function?
Answer:
Al neurotransmitterl thatl increasesl wakefulnessl andl arousal.
QUESTION
l Whatl isl al commonl causel ofl insomnial mentionedl inl thel notes?
Answer:
Restlessl legsl syndromel (RLS).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel twol first-linel treatmentsl forl restlessl legsl syndrome?
Answer:
Dopaminel agonistsl likel pramipexolel (Mirapex)l andl ropinirolel (Requip).
QUESTION
l Whatl arel thel twol hallmarksl ofl Alzheimer'sl disease?
Answer:
Amyloidl plaquesl andl neurofibrillaryl tangles.
