NR 566
Midterm Exam
Advanced Pharmacology for
care of the family
chamberlain
1. A patient with acute uncomplicated cystitis has no medication allergies. Which
medication is considered a first-line treatment?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Levofloxacin
D. Amoxicillin
Answer: B. Nitrofurantoin
Rationale: Nitrofurantoin is a first-line option for uncomplicated cystitis because it
achieves high urinary concentrations and has relatively low resistance rates.
2. Which antibiotic class should generally be avoided during pregnancy because it
can affect fetal bone and tooth development?
,A. Macrolides
B. Penicillins
C. Tetracyclines
D. Cephalosporins
Answer: C. Tetracyclines
Rationale: Tetracyclines can discolor teeth and impair fetal bone growth.
3. Which laboratory value should be monitored closely in patients receiving
intravenous vancomycin?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Liver enzymes
C. Renal function (serum creatinine)
D. Platelet count
Answer: C. Renal function
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, particularly when combined with other
nephrotoxic medications.
4. A patient taking warfarin is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. What is
the primary concern?
A. Decreased INR
B. Increased bleeding risk
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Increased bleeding risk
,Rationale: TMP-SMX potentiates warfarin's anticoagulant effects.
5. Which antiviral medication is recommended for influenza when initiated within 48
hours of symptom onset?
A. Acyclovir
B. Oseltamivir
C. Ganciclovir
D. Valacyclovir
Answer: B. Oseltamivir
Rationale: Oseltamivir shortens illness duration when started early.
6. Fluoroquinolones carry an FDA boxed warning for increased risk of:
A. Hearing loss
B. Tendon rupture
C. Cataracts
D. Hypothyroidism
Answer: B. Tendon rupture
Rationale: Older adults and corticosteroid users are at highest risk.
7. Which antifungal is considered first-line for onychomycosis?
A. Nystatin
B. Fluconazole
C. Terbinafine
D. Amphotericin B
, Answer: C. Terbinafine
Rationale: Oral terbinafine has the highest cure rates for fungal nail infections.
8. Which medication should not be taken with aluminum- or magnesium-containing
antacids?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Doxycycline
C. Azithromycin
D. Cefdinir
Answer: B. Doxycycline
Rationale: Antacids reduce tetracycline absorption.
9. Which medication commonly causes photosensitivity?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Doxycycline
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ceftriaxone
Answer: B. Doxycycline
Rationale: Patients should use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure.
10. A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia desires medication that reduces
prostate size over time. Which medication is appropriate?
A. Tamsulosin
Midterm Exam
Advanced Pharmacology for
care of the family
chamberlain
1. A patient with acute uncomplicated cystitis has no medication allergies. Which
medication is considered a first-line treatment?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Levofloxacin
D. Amoxicillin
Answer: B. Nitrofurantoin
Rationale: Nitrofurantoin is a first-line option for uncomplicated cystitis because it
achieves high urinary concentrations and has relatively low resistance rates.
2. Which antibiotic class should generally be avoided during pregnancy because it
can affect fetal bone and tooth development?
,A. Macrolides
B. Penicillins
C. Tetracyclines
D. Cephalosporins
Answer: C. Tetracyclines
Rationale: Tetracyclines can discolor teeth and impair fetal bone growth.
3. Which laboratory value should be monitored closely in patients receiving
intravenous vancomycin?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Liver enzymes
C. Renal function (serum creatinine)
D. Platelet count
Answer: C. Renal function
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, particularly when combined with other
nephrotoxic medications.
4. A patient taking warfarin is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. What is
the primary concern?
A. Decreased INR
B. Increased bleeding risk
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Increased bleeding risk
,Rationale: TMP-SMX potentiates warfarin's anticoagulant effects.
5. Which antiviral medication is recommended for influenza when initiated within 48
hours of symptom onset?
A. Acyclovir
B. Oseltamivir
C. Ganciclovir
D. Valacyclovir
Answer: B. Oseltamivir
Rationale: Oseltamivir shortens illness duration when started early.
6. Fluoroquinolones carry an FDA boxed warning for increased risk of:
A. Hearing loss
B. Tendon rupture
C. Cataracts
D. Hypothyroidism
Answer: B. Tendon rupture
Rationale: Older adults and corticosteroid users are at highest risk.
7. Which antifungal is considered first-line for onychomycosis?
A. Nystatin
B. Fluconazole
C. Terbinafine
D. Amphotericin B
, Answer: C. Terbinafine
Rationale: Oral terbinafine has the highest cure rates for fungal nail infections.
8. Which medication should not be taken with aluminum- or magnesium-containing
antacids?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Doxycycline
C. Azithromycin
D. Cefdinir
Answer: B. Doxycycline
Rationale: Antacids reduce tetracycline absorption.
9. Which medication commonly causes photosensitivity?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Doxycycline
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ceftriaxone
Answer: B. Doxycycline
Rationale: Patients should use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure.
10. A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia desires medication that reduces
prostate size over time. Which medication is appropriate?
A. Tamsulosin
