Study Guide: Neurological Disorders, Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS), Airway Protection, Oncology Pain
Management, Opioid Therapy, Nonopioid Analgesia, Gout
Pathophysiology, Hyperuricemia, Acute Gout Attacks,
Chronic Gout Progression, Tophi Formation, Renal
Dysfunction, Hypertension, Obesity, Alcohol Triggers,
Aspirin Effects, Clinical Assessment, Nursing Priorities,
NCLEX-Style Questions, SATA Practice & Rationales
Reviewed 2026
While caring for a client with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the nurse performs a
neurological assessment every four hours. Which assessment finding warrants immediate
intervention by the nurse?Rationale:finding in a client with ALS, as it can lead to ineffective
airway clearance and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Immediate intervention, such
as suctioning or respiratory support, may be necessary to maintain airway patency and
prevent complications.
Weakened cough
A client with stage 4 bone cancer is admitted to the hospital verbalizes continuous, severe
pain of 8 on a 0 to 10 scale. Which intervention should the nurse implement?Rationales: Both
opioids and nonopioids are appropriate intervention managing severe pain as it addresses
pain from multiple pathways and provide more effective pain relief.
Administer opioid and non-opioid medication simultaneously.
,A 59-year-old male client presents to the clinic reporting pain in the right great toe. The client
says that the pain feels like it is another attack of gout, which he has had on 2 other occasions
in the last 4 months. The client tells the nurses that the pain started about 9 days ago in the
evening and that it got very painful and swollen shortly thereafter. In the past, the gout
attacks have resolved without treatment after about 5 days, but the client reports that his
condition has not.Each row must have at least one, but may have more than one, response
option selected. temperature 100.5° F (38.1° C).
Heart rate 97 beats/minute
Respirations 18 breaths/minute
Blood pressure 151/87 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation 95% on room air
Height is 5 ft 11 in (180.34 cm)
Weight is 228 lb (103.4 kg)
Body mass index (BMI) is 31.8 kg/m2
Pain rating of 8 on 0 to 10 scale, in the right foot
Day 1, 0830
Renal dysfunction- Chronic gout
,A 59-year-old male client presents to the clinic reporting pain in the right great toe. The client
says that the pain feels like it is another attack of gout, which he has had on 2 other occasions
in the last 4 months. The client tells the nurses that the pain started about 9 days ago in the
evening and that it got very painful and swollen shortly thereafter. In the past, the gout
attacks have resolved without treatment after about 5 days, but the client reports that his
condition has not.Each row must have at least one, but may have more than one, response
option selected.
Day 1, 0830
Visible tophi
- Chronic gout
A 59-year-old male client presents to the clinic reporting pain in the right great toe. The client
says that the pain feels like it is another attack of gout, which he has had on 2 other occasions
in the last 4 months. The client tells the nurses that the pain started about 9 days ago in the
evening and that it got very painful and swollen shortly thereafter. In the past, the gout
attacks have resolved without treatment after about 5 days, but the client reports that his
condition has no.tEach row must have at least one, but may have more than one, response
option selected.
Day 1, 0830
Low grade fever
, - Acute gout attack
A 59-year-old male client presents to the clinic reporting pain in the right great toe. The client
says that the pain feels like it is another attack of gout, which he has had on 2 other occasions
in the last 4 months. The client tells the nurses that the pain started about 9 days ago in the
evening and that it got very painful and swollen shortly thereafter. In the past, the gout
attacks have resolved without treatment after about 5 days, but the client reports that his
condition has not.Each row must have at least one, but may have more than one, response
option selected.
Day 1, 0830
Pain at the affected joint
- Acute gout attack
A 59-year-old male client presents to the clinic reporting pain in the right great toe. The client
says that the pain feels like it is another attack of gout, which he has had on 2 other occasions
in the last 4 months. The client tells the nurses that the pain started about 9 days ago in the
evening and that it got very painful and swollen shortly thereafter. In the past, the gout
attacks have resolved without treatment after about 5 days, but the client reports that his
condition has not.Each row must have at least one, but may have more than one, response
option selected.
Day 1, 0830