Contact for further assistance
NR 565 -
Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently
Tested) and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences? 1st trimester (fetus most at risk
d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides
,Contact for further assistance
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create
drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
,Contact for further assistance
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel increase drug
absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones,
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
, Contact for further assistance
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin
(antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
dosage size and timing route and technique of
administration duration of treatment drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses nature and
time course of adverse responses finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug
reactions?
reduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications
daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that
have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation
secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term
therapy poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient
experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels using the
simplest regimen possible monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic
illness periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy encouraging
NR 565 -
Comprehensive
Questions (Frequently
Tested) and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug
reactions with potential long term consequences? 1st trimester (fetus most at risk
d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides
,Contact for further assistance
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create
drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
,Contact for further assistance
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel increase drug
absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones,
vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
, Contact for further assistance
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin
(antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
dosage size and timing route and technique of
administration duration of treatment drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses nature and
time course of adverse responses finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug
reactions?
reduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications
daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that
have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation
secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term
therapy poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient
experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels using the
simplest regimen possible monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic
illness periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy encouraging
