NR 565 - advanced pharmacology
midterm Exam Questions and Complete
Solutions 2026 Update Graded A+
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions
with potential long term consequences?
Answer: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides 3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer: liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be
inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
[Type here]
, Answer:
Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser ettect (decrease blood
levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic Answer: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors Answer: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic Answer: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers
like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug name Answer s: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of
bowel increase drug
absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
, Answer: Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants,
and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer: slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles
first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Answer: delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer: glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication
from acute overdose)
,[Type here]
midterm Exam Questions and Complete
Solutions 2026 Update Graded A+
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions
with potential long term consequences?
Answer: 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer: Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
prescriber ultimately decides 3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer: liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be
inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
[Type here]
, Answer:
Speed up
metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser ettect (decrease blood
levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic Answer: "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer: Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors Answer: inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic Answer: "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers
like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug name Answer s: Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer: increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of
bowel increase drug
absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
, Answer: Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants,
and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
Answer: slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles
first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
Answer: delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
Answer: glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication
from acute overdose)
,[Type here]
