NRl 341/l NR341l Examl 1:l Complexl Adultl
Healthl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
|l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
pneumothorax
Answer:
airl accumulatesl aroundl thel lungsl betweenl thel pleural
Riskl factors:
-l smoking
-l hxl ofl pneumothoraxl orl familyl hx
-l lungl diseases
-l mechanicall ventilation
Causes:
-l traumal tol thel chest
-l medicall procedurel donel tol thel chest
-l lungl diseases
Manifestations:
-l tachycardia,l tachypneal
-l shallowl andl rapidl breathing
-l wheezing
-l coughing
-l dyspnea
-l absentl breathl soundsl onl thel affectedl side
Treatment:
-l raisel HOB
-l chestl tube
-l oxygen
,Complications:
-l tensionl pneumothorax
QUESTION
tensionl pneumothorax
Answer:
occursl whenl airl entersl thel pleurall spacel duringl inspirationl throughl al one-wayl valvel
andl isl notl ablel tol exitl (trappedl air);l heartl andl lungsl arel beingl pushed;l needlel
aspiration/compression,l chestl tube;l EMERGENCY
QUESTION
statusl asthmaticus
Answer:
-l canl bel hypoxicl andl hypercapnicl
-l lifel threateningl episodel ofl airwayl obstructionl thatl mayl bel unresponsivel tol commonl
treatment
Nursingl considerations:
-l emergencyl intubation
-l IVl fluids,l oxygen,l bronchodilators,l sedation
-l systemicl steroidl therapy
QUESTION
Whatl tol dol ifl whenl thel endotracheall tubel isl removedl thel patientl isl havingl stridorl andl
difficultyl breathing?
Answer:
bipapl orl rel intubatedl mayl bel needed..l alwaysl stayl withl thel patientl al littlel bitl afterl
exubation
QUESTION
COPD
,Answer:
irreversiblel diseasel causingl hypoxemial andl respiratoryl acidosisl
Complications:
-l rightl sidedl heartl failure
QUESTION
hypercapnicl respiratoryl failure
Answer:
-l PCO2l >l 50mml Hgl withl pHl <l 7.35
-l ventilationl problem
-l bodyl cannotl removel CO2
Causes:
-l asthmal (severel exacerbation)
-l chronicl obstructivel pulmonaryl diseasel (COPD)
-l cysticl fibrosis
-l spinall cordl injury
-l painl whichl limitsl respiration
-l severel obesity
-l multiplel sclerosis
-l sedativel orl opioidl overdose
QUESTION
Hypoxicl Respiratoryl Failure
Answer:
-l PaO2l <l 60mml Hgl onl FiO2l >l 0.50
-l ineffectivel oxygenationl
Causes:
-l massivel PE
-l ARDS
-l smokel inhalation
-l cardiogenicl shock
, -l drowningl (pulmonaryl edema)
-l sepsisl
-l pneumonial
-l COVID
-l ventilation/perfusionl mismatch
QUESTION
Hypoxic-Hypercapnicl Respiratoryl Failure
Answer:
-l occursl whenl oxygenl levelsl dropl (hypoxia)l andl carbonl dioxidel levelsl arel tool highl
(hypercapnia)
-l COPDl patientl whol hasl pneumonia
-l PaO2l ≤60l mmHgl onl ≥60%l oxygen
-l PaCO2l >50l mmHgl withl arteriall pHl <7.35
QUESTION
atheroscerlosisl (CAD)
Answer:
progressivel diseasel thatl developsl overl manyl years;l fattyl streakl foundl inl thel arteryl -->l
fibrousl plaquel isl createdl onl onl topl ofl itl -->l complicatedl lesionl -->l inflammationl insidel
thel arteryl -->l rupturel ofl plaquel -->l clotl canl developl whichl canl partiallyl orl totallyl
occludel thel arteryl -->l ischemial
-l mostl willl bel asymptomaticl orl havel chronicl stablel anginal
-l canl progressl tol acutel coronaryl syndrome
QUESTION
peripherall arteriall diseasel (PAD)
**l danglel legs
Answer:
-l narrowingl orl occlusionl ofl peripherall arteriesl thatl mainlyl affectl thel lowerl extremities
-l causedl byl atherosclerosis
Healthl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l
|l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
pneumothorax
Answer:
airl accumulatesl aroundl thel lungsl betweenl thel pleural
Riskl factors:
-l smoking
-l hxl ofl pneumothoraxl orl familyl hx
-l lungl diseases
-l mechanicall ventilation
Causes:
-l traumal tol thel chest
-l medicall procedurel donel tol thel chest
-l lungl diseases
Manifestations:
-l tachycardia,l tachypneal
-l shallowl andl rapidl breathing
-l wheezing
-l coughing
-l dyspnea
-l absentl breathl soundsl onl thel affectedl side
Treatment:
-l raisel HOB
-l chestl tube
-l oxygen
,Complications:
-l tensionl pneumothorax
QUESTION
tensionl pneumothorax
Answer:
occursl whenl airl entersl thel pleurall spacel duringl inspirationl throughl al one-wayl valvel
andl isl notl ablel tol exitl (trappedl air);l heartl andl lungsl arel beingl pushed;l needlel
aspiration/compression,l chestl tube;l EMERGENCY
QUESTION
statusl asthmaticus
Answer:
-l canl bel hypoxicl andl hypercapnicl
-l lifel threateningl episodel ofl airwayl obstructionl thatl mayl bel unresponsivel tol commonl
treatment
Nursingl considerations:
-l emergencyl intubation
-l IVl fluids,l oxygen,l bronchodilators,l sedation
-l systemicl steroidl therapy
QUESTION
Whatl tol dol ifl whenl thel endotracheall tubel isl removedl thel patientl isl havingl stridorl andl
difficultyl breathing?
Answer:
bipapl orl rel intubatedl mayl bel needed..l alwaysl stayl withl thel patientl al littlel bitl afterl
exubation
QUESTION
COPD
,Answer:
irreversiblel diseasel causingl hypoxemial andl respiratoryl acidosisl
Complications:
-l rightl sidedl heartl failure
QUESTION
hypercapnicl respiratoryl failure
Answer:
-l PCO2l >l 50mml Hgl withl pHl <l 7.35
-l ventilationl problem
-l bodyl cannotl removel CO2
Causes:
-l asthmal (severel exacerbation)
-l chronicl obstructivel pulmonaryl diseasel (COPD)
-l cysticl fibrosis
-l spinall cordl injury
-l painl whichl limitsl respiration
-l severel obesity
-l multiplel sclerosis
-l sedativel orl opioidl overdose
QUESTION
Hypoxicl Respiratoryl Failure
Answer:
-l PaO2l <l 60mml Hgl onl FiO2l >l 0.50
-l ineffectivel oxygenationl
Causes:
-l massivel PE
-l ARDS
-l smokel inhalation
-l cardiogenicl shock
, -l drowningl (pulmonaryl edema)
-l sepsisl
-l pneumonial
-l COVID
-l ventilation/perfusionl mismatch
QUESTION
Hypoxic-Hypercapnicl Respiratoryl Failure
Answer:
-l occursl whenl oxygenl levelsl dropl (hypoxia)l andl carbonl dioxidel levelsl arel tool highl
(hypercapnia)
-l COPDl patientl whol hasl pneumonia
-l PaO2l ≤60l mmHgl onl ≥60%l oxygen
-l PaCO2l >50l mmHgl withl arteriall pHl <7.35
QUESTION
atheroscerlosisl (CAD)
Answer:
progressivel diseasel thatl developsl overl manyl years;l fattyl streakl foundl inl thel arteryl -->l
fibrousl plaquel isl createdl onl onl topl ofl itl -->l complicatedl lesionl -->l inflammationl insidel
thel arteryl -->l rupturel ofl plaquel -->l clotl canl developl whichl canl partiallyl orl totallyl
occludel thel arteryl -->l ischemial
-l mostl willl bel asymptomaticl orl havel chronicl stablel anginal
-l canl progressl tol acutel coronaryl syndrome
QUESTION
peripherall arteriall diseasel (PAD)
**l danglel legs
Answer:
-l narrowingl orl occlusionl ofl peripherall arteriesl thatl mainlyl affectl thel lowerl extremities
-l causedl byl atherosclerosis
