NRl 325/l NR325l Examl 1:l Adultl Healthl
IIl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl
&l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Indicatorsl ofl goodl glycemicl control
Answer:
Hemoglobinl A1Cl canl show
QUESTION
Inhaledl Insulinl (Afrezza)
Answer:
•Rapid-actingl inhaledl insulin
•Administeredl atl beginningl ofl eachl meall orl withinl 20l minutesl afterl startingl al meal
•Notl al substitutel forl long-actingl insulin
**l Dol NOTl usel inl ptsl withl chronicl lungl diseasel suchl asl asthmal orl COPD,l becausel
bronchospasml canl occur
QUESTION
Orall insulinl agents
Answer:
•Workl onl 3l defectsl ofl typel 2l diabetes
-Insulinl resistance
-Decreasedl insulinl production
-Increasedl hepaticl glucosel production
•Canl bel usedl inl combinationl withl otherl agentsl (metformin)
-carefull withl kidneyl andl lungl functionsl
-takel withl foodl andl nol alcohol
,QUESTION
Goalsl ofl nutritionall therapyl forl diabetesl includes
Answer:
ADAl guidelinesl
•Maintainl bloodl glucosel levelsl tol asl closel tol normall asl safelyl possible
•Normall lipidl profilesl andl bloodl pressure
•Preventl orl slowl complications
•Individuall needs;l personal,l culturall preferences
•Maintainl pleasurel ofl eating
QUESTION
Generall nutritionall therapyl forl typel 1l andl typel 2l diabetesl includes
Answer:
•Counseling,l education,l ongoingl monitoring,l registeredl dietitianl
-Healthyl balancel ofl nutrientsl individualizedl tol lifestylel andl healthl goals
Typel 1:
-meall planningl balancedl withl insulinl andl exercisel patterns
-dayl tol dayl consistencyl inl timingl andl amountl ofl food
-multiplel dailyl injectionsl orl al pumpl allowl flexibilityl inl foodl selection
Typel 2:l
-emphasisl onl achievingl glucose,l lipid,l andl BPl goals
-weightl lossl w/l al nutritionallyl adequatel meall planl w/l appropriatel servingl sizes,l
reductionl ofl sat.l &l transl fatsl andl lowl carbs
-spacingl mealsl andl regularl exercise
QUESTION
Nutritionl therapyl forl ptsl withl diabetesl r/tl Carbs,l Fat,l Proteinl andl Alcohol
Answer:
Carbohydrates
•Minimuml ofl 130l g/day
•Fruits,l vegetables,l wholel grains,l legumes,l low-fatl dairy
•Alll benefitl froml includingl dietaryl fiber
,•Nutritivel andl nonnutritivel sweetenersl mayl bel usedl inl moderation
Fats
•Limitl saturatedl fatsl tol <l 7%l ofl totall calories
•Limitl cholesteroll tol <l 200l mg/day
•Minimizel transl fat
•Healthyl fatsl comel froml plants
•Olives,l nuts,l avocados
Protein
•Shouldl makel upl 15%l tol 20%l ofl totall calories
•High-proteinl dietsl notl recommended
Alcohol
•Limitl tol moderatel amount
•1l drink/dayl forl women;l 2l drinks/dayl forl men
•Inhibitsl gluconeogenesisl byl liver
•Canl causel severel hypoglycemia
•Bloodl glucosel levelsl mustl bel monitored
QUESTION
Typesl ofl meall planningl forl ptsl withl diabetes
Answer:
Carbohydratel counting
Meall planningl techniquel forl DMl tol keepl trackl ofl carbsl eatenl withl eachl meall andl eachl
day
•Servingl sizel isl 15l gl ofl CHO
•Typicallyl 45l tol 60l gl perl meal
•Insulinl dosel basedl onl numberl ofl CHOsl consumed
•Patientl teachingl essential
Exchangel lists
Meall planl withl specificl numbersl ofl helpingsl froml al listl ofl exchangesl forl eachl meall
andl snack
-Listl includesl starches,l fruits,l milk,l meat,l vegetables,l fats,l andl freel foods
QUESTION
Diabeticl Ketoacidosisl (DKA)
Answer:
, Assessment:l thirst,l n/v,l confusion,l flushedl skinl fever,l poorl skinl turgor,l tachycardia,l
orthostaticl hypotension,l Kussmaull respirations,l fruitl breath
Bloodl glucose≥l 250l mg/dL
Arteriall bloodl pHl <l 7.30
Seruml bicarbonatel <l 16l mEq/L
Ketonesl moderatel tol high
Management:l
airway,l O2,l IVF,l insulinl drip,l VS,l LOC,l cardiacl rhythm,l I&O,,l breathl sounds,l glucosel
monitoring,l electrolytel replacement
QUESTION
Hyperosmolarl Hyperglycemicl Syndromel (HHS)
Answer:
Assessment:l coma,l seizures,l hemiparesis,l andl aphasia
Bloodl glucosel levell >l 600l mg/dL
Increasel seruml osmolality
Ketonesl absentl orl minimal
Management:l IVF,l insulinl drip,l electrolytel replacement,l VS,l I&O,l labl values,l cardiacl
monitoring,l LOC,l treatl cause
QUESTION
Hypoglycemia
Answer:
Assessment:l diaphoresis,l pallor,l hunger,l palpitations,l shakiness,l nervousness,l anxiety,l lossl
ofl consciousness,l seizures,l coma
Management:l glucosel administration,l safety
<l 70l mg/dL:l beginl treatmentl forl hypoglycemia
15gl simplel carb,l recheckl inl 15l min;l ifl stilll <70l repeatl (2-3l doses)
Dextrosel IVPl (acutel carel setting)
Glucagonl IMl orl SQ
"Coldl andl Clammy,l Needl Somel Candy"
QUESTION
Chronicl complicationsl ofl diabetes
IIl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl
&l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Indicatorsl ofl goodl glycemicl control
Answer:
Hemoglobinl A1Cl canl show
QUESTION
Inhaledl Insulinl (Afrezza)
Answer:
•Rapid-actingl inhaledl insulin
•Administeredl atl beginningl ofl eachl meall orl withinl 20l minutesl afterl startingl al meal
•Notl al substitutel forl long-actingl insulin
**l Dol NOTl usel inl ptsl withl chronicl lungl diseasel suchl asl asthmal orl COPD,l becausel
bronchospasml canl occur
QUESTION
Orall insulinl agents
Answer:
•Workl onl 3l defectsl ofl typel 2l diabetes
-Insulinl resistance
-Decreasedl insulinl production
-Increasedl hepaticl glucosel production
•Canl bel usedl inl combinationl withl otherl agentsl (metformin)
-carefull withl kidneyl andl lungl functionsl
-takel withl foodl andl nol alcohol
,QUESTION
Goalsl ofl nutritionall therapyl forl diabetesl includes
Answer:
ADAl guidelinesl
•Maintainl bloodl glucosel levelsl tol asl closel tol normall asl safelyl possible
•Normall lipidl profilesl andl bloodl pressure
•Preventl orl slowl complications
•Individuall needs;l personal,l culturall preferences
•Maintainl pleasurel ofl eating
QUESTION
Generall nutritionall therapyl forl typel 1l andl typel 2l diabetesl includes
Answer:
•Counseling,l education,l ongoingl monitoring,l registeredl dietitianl
-Healthyl balancel ofl nutrientsl individualizedl tol lifestylel andl healthl goals
Typel 1:
-meall planningl balancedl withl insulinl andl exercisel patterns
-dayl tol dayl consistencyl inl timingl andl amountl ofl food
-multiplel dailyl injectionsl orl al pumpl allowl flexibilityl inl foodl selection
Typel 2:l
-emphasisl onl achievingl glucose,l lipid,l andl BPl goals
-weightl lossl w/l al nutritionallyl adequatel meall planl w/l appropriatel servingl sizes,l
reductionl ofl sat.l &l transl fatsl andl lowl carbs
-spacingl mealsl andl regularl exercise
QUESTION
Nutritionl therapyl forl ptsl withl diabetesl r/tl Carbs,l Fat,l Proteinl andl Alcohol
Answer:
Carbohydrates
•Minimuml ofl 130l g/day
•Fruits,l vegetables,l wholel grains,l legumes,l low-fatl dairy
•Alll benefitl froml includingl dietaryl fiber
,•Nutritivel andl nonnutritivel sweetenersl mayl bel usedl inl moderation
Fats
•Limitl saturatedl fatsl tol <l 7%l ofl totall calories
•Limitl cholesteroll tol <l 200l mg/day
•Minimizel transl fat
•Healthyl fatsl comel froml plants
•Olives,l nuts,l avocados
Protein
•Shouldl makel upl 15%l tol 20%l ofl totall calories
•High-proteinl dietsl notl recommended
Alcohol
•Limitl tol moderatel amount
•1l drink/dayl forl women;l 2l drinks/dayl forl men
•Inhibitsl gluconeogenesisl byl liver
•Canl causel severel hypoglycemia
•Bloodl glucosel levelsl mustl bel monitored
QUESTION
Typesl ofl meall planningl forl ptsl withl diabetes
Answer:
Carbohydratel counting
Meall planningl techniquel forl DMl tol keepl trackl ofl carbsl eatenl withl eachl meall andl eachl
day
•Servingl sizel isl 15l gl ofl CHO
•Typicallyl 45l tol 60l gl perl meal
•Insulinl dosel basedl onl numberl ofl CHOsl consumed
•Patientl teachingl essential
Exchangel lists
Meall planl withl specificl numbersl ofl helpingsl froml al listl ofl exchangesl forl eachl meall
andl snack
-Listl includesl starches,l fruits,l milk,l meat,l vegetables,l fats,l andl freel foods
QUESTION
Diabeticl Ketoacidosisl (DKA)
Answer:
, Assessment:l thirst,l n/v,l confusion,l flushedl skinl fever,l poorl skinl turgor,l tachycardia,l
orthostaticl hypotension,l Kussmaull respirations,l fruitl breath
Bloodl glucose≥l 250l mg/dL
Arteriall bloodl pHl <l 7.30
Seruml bicarbonatel <l 16l mEq/L
Ketonesl moderatel tol high
Management:l
airway,l O2,l IVF,l insulinl drip,l VS,l LOC,l cardiacl rhythm,l I&O,,l breathl sounds,l glucosel
monitoring,l electrolytel replacement
QUESTION
Hyperosmolarl Hyperglycemicl Syndromel (HHS)
Answer:
Assessment:l coma,l seizures,l hemiparesis,l andl aphasia
Bloodl glucosel levell >l 600l mg/dL
Increasel seruml osmolality
Ketonesl absentl orl minimal
Management:l IVF,l insulinl drip,l electrolytel replacement,l VS,l I&O,l labl values,l cardiacl
monitoring,l LOC,l treatl cause
QUESTION
Hypoglycemia
Answer:
Assessment:l diaphoresis,l pallor,l hunger,l palpitations,l shakiness,l nervousness,l anxiety,l lossl
ofl consciousness,l seizures,l coma
Management:l glucosel administration,l safety
<l 70l mg/dL:l beginl treatmentl forl hypoglycemia
15gl simplel carb,l recheckl inl 15l min;l ifl stilll <70l repeatl (2-3l doses)
Dextrosel IVPl (acutel carel setting)
Glucagonl IMl orl SQ
"Coldl andl Clammy,l Needl Somel Candy"
QUESTION
Chronicl complicationsl ofl diabetes
