NRl 325/l NR325l Examl 2:l Adultl Healthl
IIl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl
&l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Whatl mightl causel thel impairmentl ofl thel eustachianl tubel resultingl inl sensationl ofl earl
fullnessl orl pain?
Answer:
Swellingl orl hypertrophyl ofl tissuel inl thel nasopharynxl evidentl byl snoring
QUESTION
Whatl colorl isl thel tympanicl membranel normally?
Answer:
pearll gray,l white,l orl pink;l shiny;l andl translucent
QUESTION
Vertigo
Answer:
al sensel thatl thel personl orl objectsl aroundl theml arel movingl orl spinningl andl isl usuallyl
stimulatedl byl movementl ofl thel head
QUESTION
Whatl couldl bel thel possiblel etiologyl ofl anl externall earl infectionl causingl dischargel inl
thel canal?
Answer:
Swimmersl ear,l orl byl rupturedl eardruml orl otitisl media
QUESTION
,Audiometry
Answer:
Determinesl pt'sl hearingl rangel inl termsl ofl decibelsl (dB)l andl Hertzl (Hz)l forl diagnosingl
hearingl loss
-ptl respondsl whenl soundl isl heard
QUESTION
Tympanometry
Answer:
Checkl middlel earl andl mobilityl ofl eardrum
-probel isl placedl snuglyl intol externall earl canal,l thenl +l andl -l pressuresl arel applied.
-Measurementsl arel madel ofl movementl ofl eardrum.
QUESTION
Weberl test
Answer:
Al vibratingl tuningl forkl isl placedl inl thel middlel ofl thel forehead.l Thel patientl isl askedl
tol reportl inl whichl earl thel soundl isl heardl louder
-Al normall testl hasl al patientl reportingl thel soundl heardl equallyl inl bothl sides
-Inl anl affectedl patient,l ifl thel defectivel earl hearsl thel Weberl tuningl forkl louder,l thel
findingl indicatesl al conductivel hearingl lossl inl thel defectivel ear.
QUESTION
Factorsl thatl influencel ICP
Answer:
Highl arteriall pressurel
Highl Venousl pressure
Intraabdominall andl intrathoracic
Posture
Increasedl Temperature
Bloodl gasesl (CO2l levels)l
Lifel threatening
QUESTION
,Primaryl andl secondaryl injuriesl r/tl ICP
Answer:
Primaryl injuryl occursl atl thel initiall timel ofl anl injuryl (e.g.,l impactl ofl carl accident,l
blunt-forcel trauma)l thatl resultsl inl displacement,l bruising,l orl damagel tol anyl ofl thel threel
components
Secondaryl injuryl isl thel resultingl hypoxia,l ischemia,l hypotension,l edema,l orl increasedl
ICPl thatl followsl thel primaryl injuryl (mayl occurl severall hrsl tol daysl after)
QUESTION
Monro-Kelliel doctrine
Answer:
Ifl onel componentl increases,l anotherl mustl decreasel tol maintainl ICP
QUESTION
Elevatedl ICPl isl clinicallyl significantl becausel itl diminishesl CPPl itl increasesl ______l andl
_____l ,l andl isl associatedl withl al poorl prognosis
Answer:
Increasesl riskl ofl brainl ischemial andl infarction
QUESTION
Normall Intracraniall Pressurel (ICP)
Answer:
5l tol 15l mml HG
-elevatedl ifl >l 20l mml Hgl sustained
QUESTION
Regulationl andl Maintenancel ofl ICP
Answer:
Normall compensatoryl adaptations
-changesl inl CSFl volumel
-changesl inl intracraniall bloodl volume
-changesl inl tissuel andl brainl volume
Autoregulation
, -adjustsl diameterl ofl bloodl vessels
-ensuresl consistentl cerebrall bloodl flowl CBF
-onlyl effectivel ifl meanl arteriall pressurel (MAP)l 70-150l mml Hg
QUESTION
Cushing'sl triad
Answer:
wideningl ofl pulsel pressure,l irregularl respirations,l andl bradycardial withl al fulll andl
boundingl pulsel
-Al signl ofl increasedl ICP
-attemptl tol maintainl cerebrall perfusionl byl increasingl systolicl BP
QUESTION
Factorsl thatl influencel ICPl underl normall circumstances
Answer:
(1)l arteriall pressure
l (2)l venousl pressure
(3)l intraabdominall andl intrathoracicl pressure
(4)l posture
l (5)l temperaturel
(6)l bloodl gases,l particularlyl CO2l levels.
QUESTION
Ifl volumel increasel continuesl ICPl risesl leadingl tol ____________
Answer:
Decompensation
QUESTION
Cerebrall Bloodl Flowl (CBF)
Answer:
Cerebrall perfusionl pressurel (CPP)l =l MAPl -l ICP
-normall isl 60-100l mml Hg
-l <50l mml Hgl associatedl withl ischemial andl neuronall deathl
Factorsl affectingl cerebrall bloodl vessell tone
IIl Guidel (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l |l Qsl
&l As|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)-l Chamberlain
QUESTION
Whatl mightl causel thel impairmentl ofl thel eustachianl tubel resultingl inl sensationl ofl earl
fullnessl orl pain?
Answer:
Swellingl orl hypertrophyl ofl tissuel inl thel nasopharynxl evidentl byl snoring
QUESTION
Whatl colorl isl thel tympanicl membranel normally?
Answer:
pearll gray,l white,l orl pink;l shiny;l andl translucent
QUESTION
Vertigo
Answer:
al sensel thatl thel personl orl objectsl aroundl theml arel movingl orl spinningl andl isl usuallyl
stimulatedl byl movementl ofl thel head
QUESTION
Whatl couldl bel thel possiblel etiologyl ofl anl externall earl infectionl causingl dischargel inl
thel canal?
Answer:
Swimmersl ear,l orl byl rupturedl eardruml orl otitisl media
QUESTION
,Audiometry
Answer:
Determinesl pt'sl hearingl rangel inl termsl ofl decibelsl (dB)l andl Hertzl (Hz)l forl diagnosingl
hearingl loss
-ptl respondsl whenl soundl isl heard
QUESTION
Tympanometry
Answer:
Checkl middlel earl andl mobilityl ofl eardrum
-probel isl placedl snuglyl intol externall earl canal,l thenl +l andl -l pressuresl arel applied.
-Measurementsl arel madel ofl movementl ofl eardrum.
QUESTION
Weberl test
Answer:
Al vibratingl tuningl forkl isl placedl inl thel middlel ofl thel forehead.l Thel patientl isl askedl
tol reportl inl whichl earl thel soundl isl heardl louder
-Al normall testl hasl al patientl reportingl thel soundl heardl equallyl inl bothl sides
-Inl anl affectedl patient,l ifl thel defectivel earl hearsl thel Weberl tuningl forkl louder,l thel
findingl indicatesl al conductivel hearingl lossl inl thel defectivel ear.
QUESTION
Factorsl thatl influencel ICP
Answer:
Highl arteriall pressurel
Highl Venousl pressure
Intraabdominall andl intrathoracic
Posture
Increasedl Temperature
Bloodl gasesl (CO2l levels)l
Lifel threatening
QUESTION
,Primaryl andl secondaryl injuriesl r/tl ICP
Answer:
Primaryl injuryl occursl atl thel initiall timel ofl anl injuryl (e.g.,l impactl ofl carl accident,l
blunt-forcel trauma)l thatl resultsl inl displacement,l bruising,l orl damagel tol anyl ofl thel threel
components
Secondaryl injuryl isl thel resultingl hypoxia,l ischemia,l hypotension,l edema,l orl increasedl
ICPl thatl followsl thel primaryl injuryl (mayl occurl severall hrsl tol daysl after)
QUESTION
Monro-Kelliel doctrine
Answer:
Ifl onel componentl increases,l anotherl mustl decreasel tol maintainl ICP
QUESTION
Elevatedl ICPl isl clinicallyl significantl becausel itl diminishesl CPPl itl increasesl ______l andl
_____l ,l andl isl associatedl withl al poorl prognosis
Answer:
Increasesl riskl ofl brainl ischemial andl infarction
QUESTION
Normall Intracraniall Pressurel (ICP)
Answer:
5l tol 15l mml HG
-elevatedl ifl >l 20l mml Hgl sustained
QUESTION
Regulationl andl Maintenancel ofl ICP
Answer:
Normall compensatoryl adaptations
-changesl inl CSFl volumel
-changesl inl intracraniall bloodl volume
-changesl inl tissuel andl brainl volume
Autoregulation
, -adjustsl diameterl ofl bloodl vessels
-ensuresl consistentl cerebrall bloodl flowl CBF
-onlyl effectivel ifl meanl arteriall pressurel (MAP)l 70-150l mml Hg
QUESTION
Cushing'sl triad
Answer:
wideningl ofl pulsel pressure,l irregularl respirations,l andl bradycardial withl al fulll andl
boundingl pulsel
-Al signl ofl increasedl ICP
-attemptl tol maintainl cerebrall perfusionl byl increasingl systolicl BP
QUESTION
Factorsl thatl influencel ICPl underl normall circumstances
Answer:
(1)l arteriall pressure
l (2)l venousl pressure
(3)l intraabdominall andl intrathoracicl pressure
(4)l posture
l (5)l temperaturel
(6)l bloodl gases,l particularlyl CO2l levels.
QUESTION
Ifl volumel increasel continuesl ICPl risesl leadingl tol ____________
Answer:
Decompensation
QUESTION
Cerebrall Bloodl Flowl (CBF)
Answer:
Cerebrall perfusionl pressurel (CPP)l =l MAPl -l ICP
-normall isl 60-100l mml Hg
-l <50l mml Hgl associatedl withl ischemial andl neuronall deathl
Factorsl affectingl cerebrall bloodl vessell tone
