PHRM 101 Exam Questions with
Verified Solutions
NAPRA - ANS-National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities
CPTEA - ANS-Canadian Pharmacy Technician Educators Association
Prescription - ANS-An order for a medication, device or therapy issued by a physician,
dentist, veterinarian or other health professional authorized to prescribe
What needs to be on a prescription? - ANS--The date the prescription was written;
-The name and address of the patient;
-The name of the drug or ingredients and strength and dosage form if applicable
(Inscription)
-The quantity of the drug (Subscription); also known as 'mitte'
-The dosage instructions including the frequency, interval or maximum daily dose
(Signatura- Sig.);
-Refill authorization if applicable, including number of refills and interval between refills;
-The name, identification number and signature of the practitioner for written
prescriptions (often find id number of Dr missing, must add manually)
-The date on which the drug is dispensed
-The superscription 'RX' (this may or may not be included)
Information on Drug Package - ANS--'Pr' (means prescription), 'C' (controlled drug), 'N'
(narcotic), 'TC' (targeted drug), if no notation then non prescription.
-Brand name followed by 'R' which means registered trade mark and is specific to that
manufacturer.
-Generic name (appears under brand name). This is the active ingredient and can be
used by other manufacturers.
-Dosage form (eg. Capsule).
-Strength of medication (eg. 100mg/capsule)
-Therapeutic indication (eg. Antibiotic)
-Number of items in the package (eg. 500 capsules)
-Manufacturer of the medication (eg. Abbott)
-Additional information (eg. Dosage for medication, storage information, manufacturer'
information).
-Lot # and expiry date (usually month/year and if day not specified it is taken to be last
day of month).
-DIN (Drug Identification Number) which is unique to that particular drug and strength.
-UPC code (bar code).
,Whats on a prescription label? - ANS--Pharmacy name, address and phone number
(usually on top).
-Prescription number (specific to this prescription assigned by the pharmacy).
-Patient name.
-Sig (direction).
-Brand name of drug (or generic name and the manufacturer's name).
-Quantity dispensed.
-Doctor's name
-Date dispensed
-Refills remaining
-DIN (drug identification number)
-Dispensing pharmacist's initials (either here or on other part of the prescription label)
-There may be other informations depending on software (eg. Expiry date, bar code, or
description of medication)
Patient Profiles - ANS--Patient information such as name, address, telephone number,
date of birth, insurance information, allergies, and medical conditions (optional).
-Prescription information for that patient such as date prescription was filled,
prescription number, prescribing doctor, price, quantity dispensed, DIN, drug
name/strength/dosage form, direction, remaining refills, initial of pharmacist in charge or
dispensing the medication.
*prescription receipts*
The Prescription Process - ANS-•Will depend on the pharmacy but usually:
-Patient presents prescription
-Look at patient profile, ensure prescription matches patient info
-Verify with the patient and update if needed : address, date of birth, phone number,
allergies (VIP), third party insurance, can ask if it's a new or repeat prescription, initial
on the rx that you verified the information (audit requirement by the college)
-Prepare label by inputting the information into the software
-Select product
-Count/prepare med/place in container and affix label (double count for Narcotics)
-Select appropriate auxiliary label
-Check work for accuracy
-Final check done by pharmacist (clinical appropriateness, interactions etc)
-File prescription
Alternate Process of Prescription - ANS--Patient presents prescription
-Look at patient profile, ensure prescription matches patient info
-Verify with the patient and update if needed : address, date of birth, phone number,
allergies (VIP), initial that you verified these (audit requirement by the college)
-Give to Pharmacist to input in the computer (they will check interactions, allergies,
appropriateness of therapy and indicate if it's new, a repeat, counselling notes for the
patient etc)
-Technician or assistant selects product
-Count/prepare med/place in container and affix label (double count for Narcotics)
, -Technician selects appropriate auxiliary label(s)
-Technician checks work for accuracy
-Prepared prescription is filed for pickup, pharmacist will counsel as needed at pickup
-File prescription
What are drug interactions influenced by?
What are the two types of interactions? - ANS--Influenced by the concurrent
administration with foods and other drugs
-More drugs administered = more likely an interaction will occur
•Drug-drug interaction
•Drug-food interaction
Common drug-drug interactions - ANS-•Penicillin + Tetracycline:
-Both used to treat bacterial infections
-When administered together, tetracycline reduces penicillin's infection-fighting ability
•Ketoconazole + antacids
-Antacids reduce ketoconazole effectiveness
•Amoxicillin + oral contraceptives
-Amoxicillin can reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptive, leading to potential
pregnancy
Drug-Drug Interactions - ANS-•Occurs between 2 or more drugs administered at the
same time
•May increase or decrease the effects or side effects of the drug
Drug-Food Interactions - ANS-•Foods may contain enzymes, vitamins or minerals that
enhance or interfere with drug effects
•May influence side effects as well
Common drug-food interactions - ANS-•Dairy products + Tetracycline:
-Tetracycline binds with calcium in milk or cheese, decreasing it's effectiveness
•Synthetic thyroid hormone + Iron
-Iron supplements decrease thyroid hormone when given together, must space
•Grapefruit Juice + Statins
-Grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of statins, increasing its effects and side effects
Additive Effects - ANS-•May occur when two drugs are administered concurrently
•Increased effect = the sum of the individual effects produced by each drug alone
•Described as 1+ 1= 2
Ex. Temazepam for sleep + alcohol
-Temazepam is administered for sleep and promotes drowsiness, alcohol also causes
drowsiness
-When given together, the sedation caused by temazepam adds to the sedation caused
by alcohol
Verified Solutions
NAPRA - ANS-National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities
CPTEA - ANS-Canadian Pharmacy Technician Educators Association
Prescription - ANS-An order for a medication, device or therapy issued by a physician,
dentist, veterinarian or other health professional authorized to prescribe
What needs to be on a prescription? - ANS--The date the prescription was written;
-The name and address of the patient;
-The name of the drug or ingredients and strength and dosage form if applicable
(Inscription)
-The quantity of the drug (Subscription); also known as 'mitte'
-The dosage instructions including the frequency, interval or maximum daily dose
(Signatura- Sig.);
-Refill authorization if applicable, including number of refills and interval between refills;
-The name, identification number and signature of the practitioner for written
prescriptions (often find id number of Dr missing, must add manually)
-The date on which the drug is dispensed
-The superscription 'RX' (this may or may not be included)
Information on Drug Package - ANS--'Pr' (means prescription), 'C' (controlled drug), 'N'
(narcotic), 'TC' (targeted drug), if no notation then non prescription.
-Brand name followed by 'R' which means registered trade mark and is specific to that
manufacturer.
-Generic name (appears under brand name). This is the active ingredient and can be
used by other manufacturers.
-Dosage form (eg. Capsule).
-Strength of medication (eg. 100mg/capsule)
-Therapeutic indication (eg. Antibiotic)
-Number of items in the package (eg. 500 capsules)
-Manufacturer of the medication (eg. Abbott)
-Additional information (eg. Dosage for medication, storage information, manufacturer'
information).
-Lot # and expiry date (usually month/year and if day not specified it is taken to be last
day of month).
-DIN (Drug Identification Number) which is unique to that particular drug and strength.
-UPC code (bar code).
,Whats on a prescription label? - ANS--Pharmacy name, address and phone number
(usually on top).
-Prescription number (specific to this prescription assigned by the pharmacy).
-Patient name.
-Sig (direction).
-Brand name of drug (or generic name and the manufacturer's name).
-Quantity dispensed.
-Doctor's name
-Date dispensed
-Refills remaining
-DIN (drug identification number)
-Dispensing pharmacist's initials (either here or on other part of the prescription label)
-There may be other informations depending on software (eg. Expiry date, bar code, or
description of medication)
Patient Profiles - ANS--Patient information such as name, address, telephone number,
date of birth, insurance information, allergies, and medical conditions (optional).
-Prescription information for that patient such as date prescription was filled,
prescription number, prescribing doctor, price, quantity dispensed, DIN, drug
name/strength/dosage form, direction, remaining refills, initial of pharmacist in charge or
dispensing the medication.
*prescription receipts*
The Prescription Process - ANS-•Will depend on the pharmacy but usually:
-Patient presents prescription
-Look at patient profile, ensure prescription matches patient info
-Verify with the patient and update if needed : address, date of birth, phone number,
allergies (VIP), third party insurance, can ask if it's a new or repeat prescription, initial
on the rx that you verified the information (audit requirement by the college)
-Prepare label by inputting the information into the software
-Select product
-Count/prepare med/place in container and affix label (double count for Narcotics)
-Select appropriate auxiliary label
-Check work for accuracy
-Final check done by pharmacist (clinical appropriateness, interactions etc)
-File prescription
Alternate Process of Prescription - ANS--Patient presents prescription
-Look at patient profile, ensure prescription matches patient info
-Verify with the patient and update if needed : address, date of birth, phone number,
allergies (VIP), initial that you verified these (audit requirement by the college)
-Give to Pharmacist to input in the computer (they will check interactions, allergies,
appropriateness of therapy and indicate if it's new, a repeat, counselling notes for the
patient etc)
-Technician or assistant selects product
-Count/prepare med/place in container and affix label (double count for Narcotics)
, -Technician selects appropriate auxiliary label(s)
-Technician checks work for accuracy
-Prepared prescription is filed for pickup, pharmacist will counsel as needed at pickup
-File prescription
What are drug interactions influenced by?
What are the two types of interactions? - ANS--Influenced by the concurrent
administration with foods and other drugs
-More drugs administered = more likely an interaction will occur
•Drug-drug interaction
•Drug-food interaction
Common drug-drug interactions - ANS-•Penicillin + Tetracycline:
-Both used to treat bacterial infections
-When administered together, tetracycline reduces penicillin's infection-fighting ability
•Ketoconazole + antacids
-Antacids reduce ketoconazole effectiveness
•Amoxicillin + oral contraceptives
-Amoxicillin can reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptive, leading to potential
pregnancy
Drug-Drug Interactions - ANS-•Occurs between 2 or more drugs administered at the
same time
•May increase or decrease the effects or side effects of the drug
Drug-Food Interactions - ANS-•Foods may contain enzymes, vitamins or minerals that
enhance or interfere with drug effects
•May influence side effects as well
Common drug-food interactions - ANS-•Dairy products + Tetracycline:
-Tetracycline binds with calcium in milk or cheese, decreasing it's effectiveness
•Synthetic thyroid hormone + Iron
-Iron supplements decrease thyroid hormone when given together, must space
•Grapefruit Juice + Statins
-Grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of statins, increasing its effects and side effects
Additive Effects - ANS-•May occur when two drugs are administered concurrently
•Increased effect = the sum of the individual effects produced by each drug alone
•Described as 1+ 1= 2
Ex. Temazepam for sleep + alcohol
-Temazepam is administered for sleep and promotes drowsiness, alcohol also causes
drowsiness
-When given together, the sedation caused by temazepam adds to the sedation caused
by alcohol
