CHEM 232 Orgo Exam 2 Study Guide
Latest Updated
What is transition state? - ANS-Maxima
partially formed bonds
highest maxima is rate derterming step
How do you calculate bond energies? - ANS-Bond make-Bond break
*make sure the energies are (-)
What does high pka mean? - ANS-Strong base
What does low pka mean? - ANS-strong acid
What will acidic proton be attached to? - ANS-Most e- neg atom
What are example of bulky bases? - ANS-t-butoxide
LDA
What is special about bulky bases? - ANS-When have a bulky base, the major product
will be the less substituted carbon
Examples of polar aprotic reactants? - ANS-DMSO, DMF, Acetone, acetonitrile
What are good nucleophiles in aprotic solvent? - ANS-smaller halogens
What are polar protic reactants? - ANS-H2O, NH3, -OH, -NH2
What are good nucleophiles for polar protic reactants? - ANS-Larger halogens
What stereochemistry results from Sn2? - ANS-Invert stereochemistry
What stereochemistry results from Sn1? - ANS-50/50 mixture of products
What is a good leaving group? - ANS-low pka
strong acid
What happens when e-phile has lone pairs in [Ade2] reactions? - ANS-Form triangle
Lindlar's catalyst - ANS-stops at second addition, creates a cis alkene
, What occurs when addition to alkenes involves organic reactants? - ANS-added across
both sides
What occurs when addition to alkenes involves inorganic reactants? - ANS-only -OH
added to more substituted end. Halogen added to opposite end then.
What does hydrogenation require? - ANS-metal catalyst
What trend does a nucleophile follow? - ANS-From right to left increases reactivity
From top to bottom increases reactivity
bottom & left best nucleophile
Which side will an epoxide open up to in an acidic environment? - ANS-More
substituted carbon
Which side will an epoxide open up to in a basic environment? - ANS-Less substituted
carbon
Is a pyrimidine a base or acid? - ANS-weak base
What do bases do? - ANS-Deprotonate
(remove H+)
What is methoxide (CH3O-) - ANS-Strong base
What reaction happens when there is a strong base? - ANS-E2
What does PBr3 do in reaction? - ANS-Replace -OH with Br
What happens in acids? - ANS-Protonation
(add H+)
What happens in bases? - ANS-Deprotonation
(take away H+)
What is H2SO4? - ANS-Acidic
What is H3PO4? - ANS-Acid
What is pyrinidine? - ANS-base
What is methoxide? - ANS-strong base
What is NH3? - ANS-Strong base
What is PhMgBr? - ANS-Dissasociates and adds to opposite carbons
Latest Updated
What is transition state? - ANS-Maxima
partially formed bonds
highest maxima is rate derterming step
How do you calculate bond energies? - ANS-Bond make-Bond break
*make sure the energies are (-)
What does high pka mean? - ANS-Strong base
What does low pka mean? - ANS-strong acid
What will acidic proton be attached to? - ANS-Most e- neg atom
What are example of bulky bases? - ANS-t-butoxide
LDA
What is special about bulky bases? - ANS-When have a bulky base, the major product
will be the less substituted carbon
Examples of polar aprotic reactants? - ANS-DMSO, DMF, Acetone, acetonitrile
What are good nucleophiles in aprotic solvent? - ANS-smaller halogens
What are polar protic reactants? - ANS-H2O, NH3, -OH, -NH2
What are good nucleophiles for polar protic reactants? - ANS-Larger halogens
What stereochemistry results from Sn2? - ANS-Invert stereochemistry
What stereochemistry results from Sn1? - ANS-50/50 mixture of products
What is a good leaving group? - ANS-low pka
strong acid
What happens when e-phile has lone pairs in [Ade2] reactions? - ANS-Form triangle
Lindlar's catalyst - ANS-stops at second addition, creates a cis alkene
, What occurs when addition to alkenes involves organic reactants? - ANS-added across
both sides
What occurs when addition to alkenes involves inorganic reactants? - ANS-only -OH
added to more substituted end. Halogen added to opposite end then.
What does hydrogenation require? - ANS-metal catalyst
What trend does a nucleophile follow? - ANS-From right to left increases reactivity
From top to bottom increases reactivity
bottom & left best nucleophile
Which side will an epoxide open up to in an acidic environment? - ANS-More
substituted carbon
Which side will an epoxide open up to in a basic environment? - ANS-Less substituted
carbon
Is a pyrimidine a base or acid? - ANS-weak base
What do bases do? - ANS-Deprotonate
(remove H+)
What is methoxide (CH3O-) - ANS-Strong base
What reaction happens when there is a strong base? - ANS-E2
What does PBr3 do in reaction? - ANS-Replace -OH with Br
What happens in acids? - ANS-Protonation
(add H+)
What happens in bases? - ANS-Deprotonation
(take away H+)
What is H2SO4? - ANS-Acidic
What is H3PO4? - ANS-Acid
What is pyrinidine? - ANS-base
What is methoxide? - ANS-strong base
What is NH3? - ANS-Strong base
What is PhMgBr? - ANS-Dissasociates and adds to opposite carbons
