Lifespan Finals-jersey College Questions and Answers

Lifespan Finals-jersey College Questions and Answers growth spurt a period during which growth advances at a dramatically rapid rate compared with other periods gross motor skills physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping fine motor skills physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin Reaction Time the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity hyperactivity a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement Stimulants(Ritalin) Drugs that increase the activity of nervous system. dyslexia impairment of the ability to read, word reversal, mirror reading. learning disability when a child with normal intelligence has difficulty mastering at least one academic subject, language and speech Mainstreaming placing disabled children in classrooms with nondisabled children concrete operational stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events Decentration simultaneous focusing on more than one aspect or dimension of a problem or situation Transitivity the principle that if AB and BC, then AC Seriation placing objects in an order or series according to a property or trait preconventional level according to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are based largely on expectations of rewards or punishments conventional level according to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments largely reflect social rules and conventions post conventional level according to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles, and people look to themselves to set moral standards intelligence Mental capacity; ability to learn, reason, or comprehend and interpret information, facts, relationships, and meanings; the capacity to solve problems, whether through the application of previously acquired knowledge or through insight. achievement something done successfully; something gained by working or trying hard intelligence quotient (IQ) defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ = (ma/ca) x 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. mental age a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance chronological age Age as measured in years from date of birth cultural bias a factor hypothesized to be present in intelligence tests that provides an advantage for test takers from certain cultural backgrounds culture-free descriptive of a test in which cultural biases have been removed cultural-familial intellectual disability substandard intellectual performance stemming from lack of opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills creativity a trait characterized by flexibility, ingenuity, and originality latency stage in psychoanalytic theory, the fourth stage of psychosexual development, characterized by repression of sexual impulses and development of skills industry vs inferiority stage a stage of psychosocial development in Erikson's theory occurring in middle childhood. Mastery of tasks leads to a sense of industry, whereas failure produces feelings of inferiority social cognition development of children's understanding of the relationship between the self and others Transgender referring to people who feel as though they are persons of the other sex who are 'trapped' in the body of the wrong sex. Some transgender individuals (also called 'trans') are content to adopt the clothing and cosmetic appearance of people of the other sex; others undergo hormone treatments and surgery to achieve the body shape and external physical traits of persons of the other sex Cyberbullying the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Sexism prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex. Sexual harassment any unwanted remark, behavior, or touch that has sexual content conduct disorder a persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations puberty biological changes during adolescence that lead to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity Growth spurt begins at 13 yrs of age anorexia nervosa an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves bulimia nervosa an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging Cause of death in adolescence Accidents formal operational stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts substance use disorder a persistent pattern of use of a substance characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction abstinence syndrome a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance Depressants drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions stimulants Drugs that speed up the central nervous system Hallucinogens drugs that often produce hallucinations Prevention of school dropouts identifying risk and implementing programs ego identity vs role confusion Erikson's theory of developmental stages: fidelity Treatment for depression antidepressants counseling psychotherapy identity crisis a turning point in a person's development when the person examines his or her values and makes or changes decisions about life roles identity diffusion the status of adolescents who consider various identity alternatives, but never commit to one or never even consider identity options in any conscious way Foreclosure identity status, described by Marcia, in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives (that is, has not been in crisis) is committed to other people's plans for his or her life moratorium (n.) a suspension of activity; an official waiting period; an authorized period of delay identity achievement the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives ethnic identity a sense of belonging to an ethnic group Authoritarian parents impose rules and expect obedience authoritative parents are demanding but responsive to their children clique a small, exclusive group of people peer influence the ability to influence individual behavior among members of a group based on group norms, a group sense of what is the right thing or right way to do things, and the need to be valued and accepted by the group Masturbation sexual self-stimulation petting kissing and touching the breasts and genitals teenage pregnancy prevention education homosexual referring to an erotic orientation toward members of one's own gender Bisexual attracted to both sexes LGBT An acronym identifying a group defined by sexual orientation and consisting of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender people sexual identity the label a person uses to signal who she or he is as a sexual being, especially concerning her or his sexual orientation risk factors in suicide Depression, isolation, anger, and hopelessness. Adulthood the stage of development that begins around 20 to 40 years. emerging adulthood a theoretical period of development, spanning the ages of 18 to 25, in which young people in developed nations engage in extended role exploration peak of physical development young adult-20's to early 30's leading cause of death for adulthood(25-44yr) HIV/AIDS exercise requirements 30 minutes a day Sources of stress Money-80%, Relationship-63% Peak age for STI 20's anal intercourse Number one mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS amenorrhea absence of menstruation crystallized intelligence our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age fluid intelligence mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems dualistic thinking dividing information, values, and authority into right and wrong, good and bad, we and they relativistic thinking recognition that judgements are often not absolute but made from a certain belief system or cultural background pragmatic thought decision making characterized by willingness to accept reality and compromise work ethic (intrinsic reason for working) view that we are morally obligated to avoid idleness self-identity (intrinsic reason for working) occupational identity can become intertwined with our self-identity self-fullfillment (intrinsic reason for working) we often express our personal needs and interests through our work self-worth (intrinsic reason for working) recognition and respect for a job well done contribute to self-esteem Socialization (intrinsic reason for working) workplace extends our social contact public roles (intrinsic reason for working) work roles help define our functions in the community Individuation the young adult's process of becoming an individual by means of integrating his or her own values and beliefs with those of his or her parents and society at large Intimacy vs. Isolation Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families Reciprocity the tendency for people to return in kind the feelings that are shown toward them romantic love intimacy and passion intimacy the experience of warmth toward another person that arises from feelings of closeness and connectedness passion intense romantic or sexual desire for another person commitment the decision to devote oneself to a cause or another person serial monogamy a series of exclusive sexual relationships Celibacy abstinence from sex Cohabitation Living together without being married monogamy Marriage to only one person at a time Polygamy marriage to several people at the same time Homogamy marriage between people with the same social characteristics leading cause of divorce financial and emotional problems