BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review 120+ Questions and Answers -Summary | Module 7: The Urinary System

BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam
Review 120+ Questions and Answers -Summary |
Module 7: The Urinary System
125 Questions — Review Set


Question 1
What are the primary organs of the urinary system?
✓ A. Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
□ B. Kidneys, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
□ C. Ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra
□ D. Kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, and bladder
Correct Answer: A. Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Feedback: The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra.


Question 2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
□ A. Regulation of blood ionic composition
□ B. Regulation of blood pH
✓ C. Production of bile
□ D. Regulation of blood volume and pressure
Correct Answer: C. Production of bile
Feedback: Bile production is a function of the liver, not the kidneys.


Question 3
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
✓ A. Nephron
□ B. Renal corpuscle
□ C. Glomerulus
□ D. Renal tubule
Correct Answer: A. Nephron
Feedback: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation.


Question 4
Approximately how many nephrons are in each kidney?
□ A. 1,000

, □ B. 10,000
✓ C. 1 million
□ D. 10 million
Correct Answer: C. 1 million
Feedback: Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons.


Question 5
The renal corpuscle consists of the:
□ A. Proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle
✓ B. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
□ C. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
□ D. Afferent and efferent arterioles
Correct Answer: B. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Feedback: The renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerular capillary network and the surrounding
Bowman's capsule.


Question 6
The glomerulus is a:
✓ A. Network of capillaries
□ B. Bundle of collecting tubules
□ C. Section of the ureter
□ D. Type of hormone
Correct Answer: A. Network of capillaries
Feedback: The glomerulus is a tuft of fenestrated capillaries where filtration occurs.


Question 7
Blood enters the glomerulus through the:
□ A. Efferent arteriole
✓ B. Afferent arteriole
□ C. Renal artery
□ D. Peritubular capillaries
Correct Answer: B. Afferent arteriole
Feedback: The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus.


Question 8
Blood leaves the glomerulus through the:

, □ A. Afferent arteriole
✓ B. Efferent arteriole
□ C. Renal vein
□ D. Glomerular capillaries
Correct Answer: B. Efferent arteriole
Feedback: The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.


Question 9
The efferent arteriole is smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole. This results in:
□ A. Decreased glomerular pressure
✓ B. Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure
□ C. Decreased filtration
□ D. Increased reabsorption
Correct Answer: B. Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Feedback: The smaller efferent arteriole creates resistance, increasing pressure in the glomerulus to drive
filtration.


Question 10
Which layer of the glomerular filtration barrier is the innermost layer facing the capillary
lumen?
✓ A. Fenestrated endothelium
□ B. Basement membrane
□ C. Podocyte filtration slits
□ D. Parietal epithelium
Correct Answer: A. Fenestrated endothelium
Feedback: The fenestrated endothelium is the first layer blood encounters in the glomerular capillary.


Question 11
The basement membrane of the glomerulus is responsible for filtering based on:
✓ A. Size and charge
□ B. Color and texture
□ C. Temperature and pH
□ D. Osmolarity and density
Correct Answer: A. Size and charge
Feedback: The basement membrane restricts large molecules and negatively charged molecules.

, Question 12
Podocytes are cells that:
□ A. Line the proximal convoluted tubule
✓ B. Form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
□ C. Form the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
□ D. Secrete renin
Correct Answer: B. Form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
Feedback: Podocytes wrap around the glomerular capillaries and form filtration slits.


Question 13
Which of the following substances is normally NOT filtered in the glomerulus?
□ A. Glucose
□ B. Water
✓ C. Plasma proteins (e.g., albumin)
□ D. Sodium ions
Correct Answer: C. Plasma proteins (e.g., albumin)
Feedback: Large proteins like albumin are typically too large to pass through the filtration barrier.


Question 14
The presence of protein in the urine is called:
□ A. Hematuria
□ B. Pyuria
✓ C. Proteinuria
□ D. Glycosuria
Correct Answer: C. Proteinuria
Feedback: Proteinuria indicates damage to the glomerular filtration barrier.


Question 15
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the:
□ A. Volume of urine produced per minute
□ B. Volume of blood flowing through the kidneys per minute
✓ C. Volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys
□ D. Volume of plasma reabsorbed per minute
Correct Answer: C. Volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys
Feedback: Normal GFR is approximately 125 mL/min or 180 L/day.