Grand Canyon University HLT 362V Exam 1 (pdf) | 2026/2027 |
Applied Statistics Q&A | Statistics
1. When a researcher uses a random sample of 400 to make conclusions
about a larger population, this is an example of which type of statistics?
A) Descriptive statistics
B) Demographics
C) Inferential statistics
D) Dependent variables
Correct Answer: Inferential statistics
Rationale: Inferential statistics involves using sample data to make
generalizations or inferences about a larger population. Descriptive statistics,
in contrast, simply summarize and describe the characteristics of the data
collected.
---
2. If a study is comparing the number of falls by age, age is considered what
type of variable?
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Nominal
Correct Answer: Ratio
,Rationale: Age is a ratio variable because it has a true zero point (absence of
age) and equal intervals between values. This allows for meaningful
comparisons using multiplication and division.
---
3. Validity in research is best defined as:
A) The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded and an
accurate representation of the real world
B) A data item that can be measured or counted
C) Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made
D) The consistency of a measurement
Correct Answer: The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded
and an accurate representation of the real world
Rationale: Validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement—whether the
research truly measures what it claims to measure. Reliability, in contrast,
refers to the consistency of measurement.
---
4. Data is best defined as:
A) A data item that can be measured or counted
B) The extent to which an idea or measurement is accurate
C) Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made
D) Statistics designed to infer characteristics about a population
,Correct Answer: Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be
made
Rationale: Data are raw, unorganized facts and figures that need to be
processed and analyzed to extract meaningful information. Once organized
and interpreted, data becomes information.
---
5. The average of collected data is known as the:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Variance
D) Range
Correct Answer: Mean
Rationale: The mean is the arithmetic average of a set of values, calculated
by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is
the middle value, variance measures spread, and range is the difference
between the highest and lowest values.
---
6. The experimental or predictor variable is an example of which type of
variable?
A) Extraneous variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
, D) Nominal data
Correct Answer: Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or
controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
It is also called the predictor or experimental variable.
---
7. The level of measurement that defines the relationship between things
and assigns an order or ranking to each thing is known as:
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Nominal
Correct Answer: Ordinal
Rationale: Ordinal measurement involves ranking or ordering items, but the
intervals between ranks are not necessarily equal. Examples include class
rankings or Likert scale responses.
---
8. A variable is considered to be:
A) A data item, such as characteristics, numbers, properties, or quantities,
that can be measured or counted
B) A component of mathematics that looks at gathered data
Applied Statistics Q&A | Statistics
1. When a researcher uses a random sample of 400 to make conclusions
about a larger population, this is an example of which type of statistics?
A) Descriptive statistics
B) Demographics
C) Inferential statistics
D) Dependent variables
Correct Answer: Inferential statistics
Rationale: Inferential statistics involves using sample data to make
generalizations or inferences about a larger population. Descriptive statistics,
in contrast, simply summarize and describe the characteristics of the data
collected.
---
2. If a study is comparing the number of falls by age, age is considered what
type of variable?
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Nominal
Correct Answer: Ratio
,Rationale: Age is a ratio variable because it has a true zero point (absence of
age) and equal intervals between values. This allows for meaningful
comparisons using multiplication and division.
---
3. Validity in research is best defined as:
A) The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded and an
accurate representation of the real world
B) A data item that can be measured or counted
C) Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made
D) The consistency of a measurement
Correct Answer: The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded
and an accurate representation of the real world
Rationale: Validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement—whether the
research truly measures what it claims to measure. Reliability, in contrast,
refers to the consistency of measurement.
---
4. Data is best defined as:
A) A data item that can be measured or counted
B) The extent to which an idea or measurement is accurate
C) Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made
D) Statistics designed to infer characteristics about a population
,Correct Answer: Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be
made
Rationale: Data are raw, unorganized facts and figures that need to be
processed and analyzed to extract meaningful information. Once organized
and interpreted, data becomes information.
---
5. The average of collected data is known as the:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Variance
D) Range
Correct Answer: Mean
Rationale: The mean is the arithmetic average of a set of values, calculated
by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is
the middle value, variance measures spread, and range is the difference
between the highest and lowest values.
---
6. The experimental or predictor variable is an example of which type of
variable?
A) Extraneous variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
, D) Nominal data
Correct Answer: Independent variable
Rationale: The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or
controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
It is also called the predictor or experimental variable.
---
7. The level of measurement that defines the relationship between things
and assigns an order or ranking to each thing is known as:
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Nominal
Correct Answer: Ordinal
Rationale: Ordinal measurement involves ranking or ordering items, but the
intervals between ranks are not necessarily equal. Examples include class
rankings or Likert scale responses.
---
8. A variable is considered to be:
A) A data item, such as characteristics, numbers, properties, or quantities,
that can be measured or counted
B) A component of mathematics that looks at gathered data
