NURS 611 Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update 2026/27 (Graded A+)
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WEB WOC Ostomy Care CER exam practice questions/answe... APHY 102 Ch 17: Digestive System L... EX
Teacher 106 terms Teacher 191 terms Teacher 92 terms Te
farleylogan52 Preview Kiliih_Senior Preview kyulefather Preview
Terms in this set (94)
Crohn's disease Inflammatory disorder that affects any part of the GI tract from the mouth to
the anus
R/F: Smoking, low fiber-high carbohydrate diet, medications such as NSAIDs,
altered intestinal microbiome.
P/P: Spreads with discontinuous TRANSMURAL involvement or "skip lesions"
that can involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the perianal area.
Skip lesions are distinguished by inflamed areas mixed with uninflamed areas,
noncaseating granulomas, fistulas, and deep penetrating ulcers.
Cardinal Sign: Diarrhea
S/S: Deficiencies in folic acid and vitamin d absorption
Appendicitis Most common in children 10 to 11 years of age, up to 19
Most common surgical emergency in the abdomen
10 cases per 10,000 persons
RLQ pain, low-grade fever, nausea, rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
P/P: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which is a projection from the
apex of the cecum, becomes hypoxic
,Cirrhosis Scar tissue replaces healthy hepatocyte tissue and is an irreversible
inflammatory, fibrotic liver disease. It distorts the architecture of the liver
parenchyma.
Prevalence 4.5 million
Mortality rate of 44,358 deaths yearly
R/F: Hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), and hepatitis B is the most common cause of cirrhosis.
Colorectal Cancers
Pancreatic Cancer Fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.
Celiac Disease Know as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune
disease that damages small intestinal villous epithelium when gluten (gliadin),
the protein component of wheat derivatives, barley, or rye, is ingested.
P/P: HLA-DQ2- or HLA-DQ8-induced CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune injury
to genetically susceptible individuals' small intestinal epithelial cells.
Gluten Sensitivity Patients will not have positive antibodies, nor will they exhibit classic intestinal
villous atrophy.
Portal hypertension Thrombosis of the portal vein is the most common cause of portal
hypertension in children, and splenomegaly is the most common sign.
Primary lactose intolerance P/P: The inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactase
results in osmotic diarrhea.
S/S: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence
TX: A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides,
monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) or probiotics
Intussusception Telescoping of a proximal segment of the intestine into a distal segment causes
an obstruction. It occurs most commonly in the area of the ileocecal junction.
, GERD Reflux of acid and pepsin or bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus,
causing esophagitis
Prevalence: 18% to 27% in North America.
R/F: Age, obesity, hiatal hernia, drugs (anticholinergics, nitrates, calcium
channel blockers, nicotine), asthma, chronic cough.
P/P: Change in 20 mmHG LES resting pressure prevents backflow related to
distention
D/T: Spontaneous relaxation of the LES may be triggered by gastric distention
after meals and trigger acid reflux. Acid reflux may be triggered by diet and
lifestyle factors such as food intake that causes delayed gastric emptying,
acidic foods, and obesity. Sliding hiatal hernia facilitates reflux.21 Vomiting,
coughing, lifting, bending, and pregnancy also increase abdominal pressure,
contributing to the development of reflux esophagitis.
S/S: Pyrosis (heartburn), acid regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, chronic
cough, asthma attacks, laryngitis, hoarseness, RUQ 1 hour of eating are less
common.
R/F: Lying down after meals, ( IP pressure: coughing, vomiting, or straining at
stool), Edema, strictures, esophageal spasm, or decreased esophageal motility,
Alcohol or Citrus, Acidic Foods
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an idiopathic chronic allergic/immune disease
Hirschsprung disease "Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon"
Caused by a malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system in a segment
of the colon needed for peristalsis, resulting in colon obstruction.
Volvulus Twisting of the bowel on itself, intestinal malrotation, the small intestine lacks a
normal posterior attachment during fetal development, may partly or
completely occlude the GI tract and its blood vessels.
Lactose malabsorption Small bowel's inability to absorb ingested lactose due to lactase deficiency.
Lactase Deficiency Lower than expected activity of lactase at the brush border of the intestine.
Cow Milk Allergy Diagnosed through hydrogen lactose breath test or an oral lactose tolerance
test
Diarrhea It is defined as three or more watery or loose stools in 24 hours.
Answers | New Update 2026/27 (Graded A+)
Leave the first rating
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
WEB WOC Ostomy Care CER exam practice questions/answe... APHY 102 Ch 17: Digestive System L... EX
Teacher 106 terms Teacher 191 terms Teacher 92 terms Te
farleylogan52 Preview Kiliih_Senior Preview kyulefather Preview
Terms in this set (94)
Crohn's disease Inflammatory disorder that affects any part of the GI tract from the mouth to
the anus
R/F: Smoking, low fiber-high carbohydrate diet, medications such as NSAIDs,
altered intestinal microbiome.
P/P: Spreads with discontinuous TRANSMURAL involvement or "skip lesions"
that can involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the perianal area.
Skip lesions are distinguished by inflamed areas mixed with uninflamed areas,
noncaseating granulomas, fistulas, and deep penetrating ulcers.
Cardinal Sign: Diarrhea
S/S: Deficiencies in folic acid and vitamin d absorption
Appendicitis Most common in children 10 to 11 years of age, up to 19
Most common surgical emergency in the abdomen
10 cases per 10,000 persons
RLQ pain, low-grade fever, nausea, rebound tenderness at McBurney's point.
P/P: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which is a projection from the
apex of the cecum, becomes hypoxic
,Cirrhosis Scar tissue replaces healthy hepatocyte tissue and is an irreversible
inflammatory, fibrotic liver disease. It distorts the architecture of the liver
parenchyma.
Prevalence 4.5 million
Mortality rate of 44,358 deaths yearly
R/F: Hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), and hepatitis B is the most common cause of cirrhosis.
Colorectal Cancers
Pancreatic Cancer Fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.
Celiac Disease Know as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune
disease that damages small intestinal villous epithelium when gluten (gliadin),
the protein component of wheat derivatives, barley, or rye, is ingested.
P/P: HLA-DQ2- or HLA-DQ8-induced CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune injury
to genetically susceptible individuals' small intestinal epithelial cells.
Gluten Sensitivity Patients will not have positive antibodies, nor will they exhibit classic intestinal
villous atrophy.
Portal hypertension Thrombosis of the portal vein is the most common cause of portal
hypertension in children, and splenomegaly is the most common sign.
Primary lactose intolerance P/P: The inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactase
results in osmotic diarrhea.
S/S: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence
TX: A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides,
monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) or probiotics
Intussusception Telescoping of a proximal segment of the intestine into a distal segment causes
an obstruction. It occurs most commonly in the area of the ileocecal junction.
, GERD Reflux of acid and pepsin or bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus,
causing esophagitis
Prevalence: 18% to 27% in North America.
R/F: Age, obesity, hiatal hernia, drugs (anticholinergics, nitrates, calcium
channel blockers, nicotine), asthma, chronic cough.
P/P: Change in 20 mmHG LES resting pressure prevents backflow related to
distention
D/T: Spontaneous relaxation of the LES may be triggered by gastric distention
after meals and trigger acid reflux. Acid reflux may be triggered by diet and
lifestyle factors such as food intake that causes delayed gastric emptying,
acidic foods, and obesity. Sliding hiatal hernia facilitates reflux.21 Vomiting,
coughing, lifting, bending, and pregnancy also increase abdominal pressure,
contributing to the development of reflux esophagitis.
S/S: Pyrosis (heartburn), acid regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, chronic
cough, asthma attacks, laryngitis, hoarseness, RUQ 1 hour of eating are less
common.
R/F: Lying down after meals, ( IP pressure: coughing, vomiting, or straining at
stool), Edema, strictures, esophageal spasm, or decreased esophageal motility,
Alcohol or Citrus, Acidic Foods
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an idiopathic chronic allergic/immune disease
Hirschsprung disease "Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon"
Caused by a malformation of the parasympathetic nervous system in a segment
of the colon needed for peristalsis, resulting in colon obstruction.
Volvulus Twisting of the bowel on itself, intestinal malrotation, the small intestine lacks a
normal posterior attachment during fetal development, may partly or
completely occlude the GI tract and its blood vessels.
Lactose malabsorption Small bowel's inability to absorb ingested lactose due to lactase deficiency.
Lactase Deficiency Lower than expected activity of lactase at the brush border of the intestine.
Cow Milk Allergy Diagnosed through hydrogen lactose breath test or an oral lactose tolerance
test
Diarrhea It is defined as three or more watery or loose stools in 24 hours.
