NASM CPT 7TH EDITION (CHAPTER 14) | PERFECT PREP
FOR EVERY PAPER | PRECISION IN EVERY ANSWER!
Flexibility Answer: the normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of
a joint
Extensibility Answer: capability to be elongated or stretched
Range of Motion (ROM) Answer: the degree to which specific joints or body segments can
move; often measured in degrees
Mobility Answer: optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely
Myofascial Answer: the body's connective tissue that includes muscles and fascia
Relative Flexibility Answer: (dysfunctional) the process in which the body seeks the path of
least resistance during functional movements
Human Movement System (HMS) Answer: the collective components and structures that work
together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Soft Tissue Answer: tissue connecting, supporting, and surrounding bodily structures and organs
Postural Distortion Patterns Answer: predictable patterns of muscle imbalances
Muscle Imbalance Answer: when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension
relationships
Force-Couple Relationships Answer: the synergistic action of multiple muscles working
together to produce movement around a joint
Osteokinematic Answer: movement of a limb that is visible, like flexion, extension, etc
Arthrokinematics Answer: the description of joint surface movement; consists of three major
types: roll, slide, and spin
Reciprocal Inhibition Answer: when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional
antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen; normal!
1
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, Altered Reciprocal Inhibition Answer: occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the
neural drive to its functional antagonist; ABNORMAL
Overactive Answer: when elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of
contraction
Underactive Answer: when a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited
neuromuscular recruitment
Synergistic Dominance Answer: the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists
take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover (agonist)
Altered Length-Tension Relationship Answer: when a muscle's resting length is too short or too
long, reducing the amount of force it can produce
Neuromuscular Efficiency Answer: the ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct
muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body's structure in all three
planes of motion
Muscle Spindle Answer: sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the
rate of that change
Central Nervous System Answer: a division of the nervous system that includes the brain and
spinal cord
Stretch Reflex Answer: neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to
contract to prevent excessive lengthening
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Answer: a specialized sensory receptor located at the point where
skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to change in muscular
tension and rate of tension change
Autogenic Inhibition Answer: the process by which neural impulses that sense tension are
greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the
muscle spindles
Lengthening Reaction Answer: when a muscle is lengthened, a cascade of neurological reactions
occur that allows the muscle to be stretched
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
FOR EVERY PAPER | PRECISION IN EVERY ANSWER!
Flexibility Answer: the normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of
a joint
Extensibility Answer: capability to be elongated or stretched
Range of Motion (ROM) Answer: the degree to which specific joints or body segments can
move; often measured in degrees
Mobility Answer: optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely
Myofascial Answer: the body's connective tissue that includes muscles and fascia
Relative Flexibility Answer: (dysfunctional) the process in which the body seeks the path of
least resistance during functional movements
Human Movement System (HMS) Answer: the collective components and structures that work
together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Soft Tissue Answer: tissue connecting, supporting, and surrounding bodily structures and organs
Postural Distortion Patterns Answer: predictable patterns of muscle imbalances
Muscle Imbalance Answer: when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension
relationships
Force-Couple Relationships Answer: the synergistic action of multiple muscles working
together to produce movement around a joint
Osteokinematic Answer: movement of a limb that is visible, like flexion, extension, etc
Arthrokinematics Answer: the description of joint surface movement; consists of three major
types: roll, slide, and spin
Reciprocal Inhibition Answer: when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional
antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen; normal!
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Altered Reciprocal Inhibition Answer: occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the
neural drive to its functional antagonist; ABNORMAL
Overactive Answer: when elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of
contraction
Underactive Answer: when a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited
neuromuscular recruitment
Synergistic Dominance Answer: the neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists
take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover (agonist)
Altered Length-Tension Relationship Answer: when a muscle's resting length is too short or too
long, reducing the amount of force it can produce
Neuromuscular Efficiency Answer: the ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct
muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body's structure in all three
planes of motion
Muscle Spindle Answer: sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the
rate of that change
Central Nervous System Answer: a division of the nervous system that includes the brain and
spinal cord
Stretch Reflex Answer: neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to
contract to prevent excessive lengthening
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Answer: a specialized sensory receptor located at the point where
skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to change in muscular
tension and rate of tension change
Autogenic Inhibition Answer: the process by which neural impulses that sense tension are
greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the
muscle spindles
Lengthening Reaction Answer: when a muscle is lengthened, a cascade of neurological reactions
occur that allows the muscle to be stretched
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
