BIOL 271 Microbiology w/ Lab | Module 1: Intro to Microbiology, Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes, Cellular Organelles and Arrangements

BIOL 271 Microbiology w/ Lab | Module 1: Intro to Microbiology,
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes, Cellular Organelles and Arrangements
200 Questions — Review Set


Question 1
Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. True or False?
True
✓ False
Correct Answer: False
Feedback: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum,
and Golgi apparatus. Their genetic material is not enclosed within a nucleus.


Question 2
Which of the following is a characteristic unique to eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Cell membrane
✓ C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
Feedback: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes have a
nucleoid region without a membrane.


Question 3
What is the primary function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
A. Protein synthesis
✓ B. Protection against phagocytosis
C. DNA replication
D. Energy production
Correct Answer: B. Protection against phagocytosis
Feedback: The capsule is a protective layer outside the cell wall that helps bacteria evade the immune
system by preventing phagocytosis.


Question 4
Which type of bacterial arrangement involves cells dividing in two planes and forming
clusters?
A. Diplococci

, B. Streptococci
✓ C. Staphylococci
D. Sarcinae
Correct Answer: C. Staphylococci
Feedback: Staphylococci are arranged in irregular grape-like clusters resulting from division in multiple
planes.


Question 5
Methanogens are classified as which domain?
A. Bacteria
B. Eukarya
✓ C. Archaea
D. Fungi
Correct Answer: C. Archaea
Feedback: Methanogens are prokaryotic organisms belonging to the domain Archaea, known for producing
methane as a metabolic byproduct.


Question 6
What is the typical size range of most prokaryotic cells?
A. 10–100 μm
✓ B. 0.1–10 μm
C. 100–500 μm
D. 1–5 mm
Correct Answer: B. 0.1–10 μm
Feedback: Most prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 10 micrometers in diameter, significantly smaller than
most eukaryotic cells.


Question 7
Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
✓ C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondria
Feedback: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

,Question 8
Bacillus is a term used to describe which bacterial shape?
A. Spherical
✓ B. Rod-shaped
C. Spiral
D. Comma-shaped
Correct Answer: B. Rod-shaped
Feedback: Bacillus refers to rod-shaped bacteria. Coccus is spherical, and spirillum is spiral-shaped.


Question 9
Which structure is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
✓ C. Ribosomes
D. Chloroplasts
Correct Answer: C. Ribosomes
Feedback: Ribosomes are present in all cell types for protein synthesis, though they differ in size between
prokaryotes (70S) and eukaryotes (80S).


Question 10
What is the function of the nucleoid region in prokaryotes?
✓ A. Houses the genetic material
B. Produces proteins
C. Synthesizes lipids
D. Stores waste products
Correct Answer: A. Houses the genetic material
Feedback: The nucleoid is an irregularly shaped region containing the bacterial chromosome, not enclosed by
a membrane.


Question 11
Eukaryotic cells divide by which process?
A. Binary fission
B. Budding
✓ C. Mitosis and meiosis
D. Fragmentation

, Correct Answer: C. Mitosis and meiosis
Feedback: Eukaryotes divide through mitosis (somatic cells) and meiosis (gametes), while prokaryotes divide
by binary fission.


Question 12
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
C. Eukarya
✓ D. Protista
Correct Answer: D. Protista
Feedback: The three-domain system includes Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Protista is a kingdom within
Eukarya.


Question 13
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
A. ATP production
✓ B. Protein modification and packaging
C. DNA replication
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct Answer: B. Protein modification and packaging
Feedback: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within
the cell.


Question 14
Which arrangement describes bacteria in pairs?
A. Tetrads
✓ B. Diplococci
C. Streptococci
D. Staphylococci
Correct Answer: B. Diplococci
Feedback: Diplococci consist of pairs of cocci. Streptococci form chains, and staphylococci form clusters.


Question 15
The cell wall of bacteria is composed primarily of:
A. Cellulose