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Mapp v Ohio
The court stated that the exclusionary rule, banning unconstitutionally
obtained evidence from use in criminal prosecutions also applies to the
states, meaning that states can't use evidence gained by illegal means
to convict someone.
Gideon v Wainwright
Court decided the 6th Amendment right to counsel is a fundamental
right applied to the states through the 14th Amendment, and requires
that indigent criminal defendants be provided counsel at trial. Modified
a previous supreme court decision (Betts 42') that looked to appoint
counsel on a case by case basis.
, Miranda v Arizona
A landmark decision mandating that a person in custody must, prior to
interrogation, be clearly informed that he/she has the right to not
incriminate themselves, and that he/she must be clearly informed that
they have the right to consult with a lawyer and to have a lawyer with
them during interrogation.
Roe v Wade
A US Supreme Court case that resulted in a landmark judicial opinion
about privacy being implied not enumerated in the constitution as well
as abortion in the United States. Court found a Texas law making it a
crime to assist a women to get an abortion violated her due process
rights.
McCulloch v Maryland
Although the constitution does not specifically give congress the
power to establish a bank, it does delegate the ability to tax and spend,
and a bank is a proper and suitable instrument to assist the operations
of the government in the collection and disbursement of the revenue.