Musculoskeletal
Pathophysiology
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1. Osteoarthritis (OA) degenerative joint disease leading to bone friction
2. osteoarthritis patho- chondrocyte injury releases enzymes that break down articular cartilage
genesis causing joint changes
3. chondrocyte cartilage cell
(both breaks down and produces cartilage)
4. osteoarthritis joint loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone thickening, osteophytes, syn-
changes ovial inflammation
5. subchondral bone bone of joint beneath the cartilage
6. osteophyte bone spur
7. synovium membrane in joint that secretes lubricating fluid
8. osteoarthritis risk fac- age, gender, genetics, obesity
tors
9. osteoarthritis clinical swelling, pain relieved by rest, immobility, stiffness that worsens after rest
manifestations
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