Pathophysiology Final
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Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers & ATI Review
Material
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
1. Atmosphere to lungs ventilation
2. lungs to blood pulmonary respiration
3. blood to cells tissue respiration
4. ventilation problem air cannot get into the alveoli.
Note**- NOT just inhaling and exhaling
5. Pulmonary respira- widening respiratory membrane due to pulmonary edema
tion
6. Hypoxemia decreased blood O2 (PaO2<80 mmhg/SpO2<95%)
7. causes for hypoxemia -ventilation problem
-Pulmonary respiration problem
-circulatory (less common)
-decreased FIO2
-Decreased pulmonary perfusion (Q)
8. FIO2 fraction inspired oxygen: concentration of O2 in the air that a person
breathes
9. When would FIO2 be house fire, in the mountains, etc.
decreased?
10. PAO2 Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, obtained through a blood
sample.
11. Normal PAO2 range 80-100 mmHg
12. SPO2 O2 saturation
13. Normal SPO2 range 95-100%
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
14. 90-100%: For every SPO2: 98% PAO2: 92 mmhg
1% decrease in SPO2, SPO2: 95% PAO2: 80 mmhg
PAO2 decreases by 4 SPO2: 90% PAO2: 60 mmhg
15. 80-89%: for every 1% SPO2: 89% PAO2: 58.5 mmhg
decrease, PAO2 de- SPO2: 80% PAO2: 45 mmhg (severe hypoxemia)
creases by 1.5 mmhg
16. Asthma acute disorder treated with bronchodilation
-airway wall inflammation
17. Cause of hypoxemia -ventilation: airways constrict- no air to alveoli
due to asthma?
18. Hypercapnia increased CO2 in blood
-caused by closed airway
19. Chronic Obstructive caused by:
Pulmonary Disease 1. chronic bronchitis: productive/wet cough
(COPD) 2. Emphysema: destruction of alveolar walls
-hyperinflated lungs
20. Cause of hypoxemia ventilation & hypercapnia (increased arterial CO2)
with COPD: -people with COPD are used to the CO2 they breathe in due to decreased
O2
21. What is pneumonia? An infection of the lung due to a foreign object in the alveoli.
22. What can cause pneu- Foreign objects such as pus, water, or debris in the alveoli.
monia?
23. Why does pneumonia Because it can spread if not treated properly.
need to be treated ag-
gressively?
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
24. 2 types of pneumonia Bacterial: usually worse
Viral: self-limiting, runs its course
25. What is pneumotho- Air in the chest cavity outside the lungs.
rax (PTX)?
26. What type of prob- Ventilation problem.
lem does pneumoth-
orax cause?
27. What are the types of Open/communicating or tension.
pneumothorax?
28. Why is tension pneu- Without intervention, pulmonary collapse will occur.
mothorax danger-
ous?
29. What is acute res- A life-threatening condition.
piratory distress syn-
drome (ARDS)?
30. What type of lung in- Diffuse-wide spread.
volvement is seen in
ARDS?
31. What happens to vas- Increased vascular permeability leads to fluid leaks into alveoli.
cular permeability in
ARDS?
32. What is damaged in The alveolar capillary membrane.
ARDS?
33. Decreased O2 exchange affects the whole respiratory membrane.
| Complete Exam Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers & ATI Review
Material
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
1. Atmosphere to lungs ventilation
2. lungs to blood pulmonary respiration
3. blood to cells tissue respiration
4. ventilation problem air cannot get into the alveoli.
Note**- NOT just inhaling and exhaling
5. Pulmonary respira- widening respiratory membrane due to pulmonary edema
tion
6. Hypoxemia decreased blood O2 (PaO2<80 mmhg/SpO2<95%)
7. causes for hypoxemia -ventilation problem
-Pulmonary respiration problem
-circulatory (less common)
-decreased FIO2
-Decreased pulmonary perfusion (Q)
8. FIO2 fraction inspired oxygen: concentration of O2 in the air that a person
breathes
9. When would FIO2 be house fire, in the mountains, etc.
decreased?
10. PAO2 Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, obtained through a blood
sample.
11. Normal PAO2 range 80-100 mmHg
12. SPO2 O2 saturation
13. Normal SPO2 range 95-100%
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
14. 90-100%: For every SPO2: 98% PAO2: 92 mmhg
1% decrease in SPO2, SPO2: 95% PAO2: 80 mmhg
PAO2 decreases by 4 SPO2: 90% PAO2: 60 mmhg
15. 80-89%: for every 1% SPO2: 89% PAO2: 58.5 mmhg
decrease, PAO2 de- SPO2: 80% PAO2: 45 mmhg (severe hypoxemia)
creases by 1.5 mmhg
16. Asthma acute disorder treated with bronchodilation
-airway wall inflammation
17. Cause of hypoxemia -ventilation: airways constrict- no air to alveoli
due to asthma?
18. Hypercapnia increased CO2 in blood
-caused by closed airway
19. Chronic Obstructive caused by:
Pulmonary Disease 1. chronic bronchitis: productive/wet cough
(COPD) 2. Emphysema: destruction of alveolar walls
-hyperinflated lungs
20. Cause of hypoxemia ventilation & hypercapnia (increased arterial CO2)
with COPD: -people with COPD are used to the CO2 they breathe in due to decreased
O2
21. What is pneumonia? An infection of the lung due to a foreign object in the alveoli.
22. What can cause pneu- Foreign objects such as pus, water, or debris in the alveoli.
monia?
23. Why does pneumonia Because it can spread if not treated properly.
need to be treated ag-
gressively?
, Pathophysiology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ihcip3
24. 2 types of pneumonia Bacterial: usually worse
Viral: self-limiting, runs its course
25. What is pneumotho- Air in the chest cavity outside the lungs.
rax (PTX)?
26. What type of prob- Ventilation problem.
lem does pneumoth-
orax cause?
27. What are the types of Open/communicating or tension.
pneumothorax?
28. Why is tension pneu- Without intervention, pulmonary collapse will occur.
mothorax danger-
ous?
29. What is acute res- A life-threatening condition.
piratory distress syn-
drome (ARDS)?
30. What type of lung in- Diffuse-wide spread.
volvement is seen in
ARDS?
31. What happens to vas- Increased vascular permeability leads to fluid leaks into alveoli.
cular permeability in
ARDS?
32. What is damaged in The alveolar capillary membrane.
ARDS?
33. Decreased O2 exchange affects the whole respiratory membrane.
