Pathophysiology : Elimination
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1. Elimination Refers to the secretion and excretion of psychological waste products by the
kidneys and intestines.
2. Alterations that 1. Neurological Function
affect elimination 2. Food and Fluid Intake
3. Respiratory and Cardiovascular Fxn
4. Changes in liver and gallbladder
5.Reproductive System
6. Musculoskeletal Fxn
7. Disease Process
8. Medications
3. Changes in Neu- Those associated with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, or spinal cord injury,
rological Fxn impact innervation of the urinary and gastrointestinal muscles can lead to absent
or inadequate control of the bladder and bowels.
4. Changes in Re- Affect the urinary system; for example, pregnant women have less room for the
productive Sys- bladder to expand and must urinate more frequently, and men with an enlarged
tem prostate gland may have one or more problems with urination.
5. Food and Fluid Increased or decreased intake as well as unhealthy food choices, can alter urine
Intake and fecal volume and composition and contribute to elimination problems.
6. Changes in Res- Alterations in urinary pH, renal blood flow, and glomerular kidney pressure in the
piratory and Car- kidney, all of which contribute to alterations in urine composition and volume.
diovascular Fxn
7. Changes in Liver Alters the body's ability to digest fats and utilize nutrients absorbed from the
and Gallbladder gastrointestinal tract, which can change the composition of both urine and feces
and alter excretion.
8. Changes in Mus-
culoskeletal Fxn
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