Exam 1- medical screening & pathology ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Etiology Study of the cause of disease or
condition (e.g., genetic, infectious,
environmental).
, Pathology The study of structural and
functional changes in tissues caused by disease
Pathogenesis The development and progression of a disease, describing the biological and
physiological mechanisms
Diagnosis The identification of a disease or condition through examination and testing
Signs Objective findings observed by the clinician (e.g., rash, swelling, fever).
Symptoms Subjective experiences reported by the patient (e.g., pain, fatigue, nausea).
Clinical Manifestations Combination of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition.
Prognosis Expected outcome or course of a disease.
Complications Secondary problems that develop as a result of a disease
Morbidity The rate or impact of illness within a population
Mortality The rate of death related to a condition or disease.
Cell Injury • Caused by hypoxia, toxins, infection, trauma, or immune response.
• Leads to cellular swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane damage.
Cell Death Types - Apoptosis:
- Necrosis
Types of necrosis: coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid
Apoptosis: Programmed, controlled cell death; no inflammation.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Etiology Study of the cause of disease or
condition (e.g., genetic, infectious,
environmental).
, Pathology The study of structural and
functional changes in tissues caused by disease
Pathogenesis The development and progression of a disease, describing the biological and
physiological mechanisms
Diagnosis The identification of a disease or condition through examination and testing
Signs Objective findings observed by the clinician (e.g., rash, swelling, fever).
Symptoms Subjective experiences reported by the patient (e.g., pain, fatigue, nausea).
Clinical Manifestations Combination of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition.
Prognosis Expected outcome or course of a disease.
Complications Secondary problems that develop as a result of a disease
Morbidity The rate or impact of illness within a population
Mortality The rate of death related to a condition or disease.
Cell Injury • Caused by hypoxia, toxins, infection, trauma, or immune response.
• Leads to cellular swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane damage.
Cell Death Types - Apoptosis:
- Necrosis
Types of necrosis: coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, and fibrinoid
Apoptosis: Programmed, controlled cell death; no inflammation.
