BIO 116 Exam 4 Questions and Answers
Question 1
Using the table, determine which age class year would cause the largest decline in the
resulting population growth, if it were wiped out by disease.
Correct Answer
age class year 1
Question 2
Which term describes an electrical signal generated by neurons?
Correct Answer
Action potential.
Question 3
Why is an action potential an all-or-none response to stimuli?
Correct Answer
Because voltage-gated ion channels open when membrane potential passes a
particular level
Question 4
Which part of the eye bends light to focus it on the retina?
Correct Answer
Lens
Page 1 of 79
,Question 5
Part A - Behavior and causationPart complete
Scientists classify behaviors as either innate or learned, depending on whether the
behavior has been influenced by previous experiences. They also attempt to
determine both the proximate causes and ultimate causes of the behaviors they
study.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the
sentences. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Correct Answer
1. ultimate causation
2. learned behavior
3. innate behavior
4. innate behavior
5. learned behavior
6. ultimate causation
7. innate behavior
8. proximate causation
Question 6
In the human knee-jerk reflex of a seated individual, as the calf is raised from a
vertical position to a horizontal position, the muscles of the quadriceps (on the front
of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (on the back side of the thighs) are
_____.
Correct Answer
excited and inhibited, respectively
Question 7
"Marine cone snails from the genus Conus are estimated to consist of up to 700
species. These predatory molluscs have devised an efficient venom apparatus that
allows them to successfully capture polychaete worms, other molluscs, or in some
cases fish as their primary food sources. . . . conotoxins from Australian species of
Conus . . . have the capacity to inhibit specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
in higher animals." (B. G. Livett, K. R. Gayler, and Z. Khalil. 2004. Drugs from the sea:
Conopeptides as potential therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 11:1715-23.)
This particular conotoxin inhibits acetylcholine receptors that are located ________.
Correct Answer
on the postsynaptic membrane, on the muscle cell
Page 2 of 79
,Question 8
A pair of coyotes colonized a large island where rodents (their prey) were abundant.
At first the number of coyotes increased. But as the coyote population increased,
competition for prey also increased and the coyote population grew more slowly. In
some years, weather conditions killed many of the rodents, causing some coyotes to
starve. In other years, weather conditions were favorable for the rodent poulation,
allowing the coyotes to thrive, reproduce, and raise many pups.
Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of this coyote
population?
Correct Answer
Graph B
Question 9
In ecological terms, disturbance is an event such as a storm, fire, or human activity
that changes a community, removing organisms and altering resource availability.
Which of the following statements about the effects of disturbance is correct?
Correct Answer
Disturbances can create patches of different habitats in a community
Question 10
Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____.
Correct Answer
synaptic terminals
Page 3 of 79
, Question 11
In cross-fostering studies, the young of one species are placed in the care of adults
from another species. In broad terms, what do researchers learn from such studies?
Select all that apply.
Correct Answer
-Changes in the behavior of cross-fostered young provide information about how
the social and physical environment influences behavior.
-Cross-fostering studies provide information about the relative importance of
nature and nurture in the development of a trait.
Question 12
The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____.
Correct Answer
brain
Question 13
What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron?
Correct Answer
Schwann cells
Question 14
The benthic zone of aquatic environments is defined as the _____.
Correct Answer
substrate at the bottom of the body of water
Question 15
The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of
equal but opposite magnitude at a particular location on the dendritic membrane is
likely to _____.
Correct Answer
cancel each other out, making it appear as if there was no change in membrane
potential
Page 4 of 79
Question 1
Using the table, determine which age class year would cause the largest decline in the
resulting population growth, if it were wiped out by disease.
Correct Answer
age class year 1
Question 2
Which term describes an electrical signal generated by neurons?
Correct Answer
Action potential.
Question 3
Why is an action potential an all-or-none response to stimuli?
Correct Answer
Because voltage-gated ion channels open when membrane potential passes a
particular level
Question 4
Which part of the eye bends light to focus it on the retina?
Correct Answer
Lens
Page 1 of 79
,Question 5
Part A - Behavior and causationPart complete
Scientists classify behaviors as either innate or learned, depending on whether the
behavior has been influenced by previous experiences. They also attempt to
determine both the proximate causes and ultimate causes of the behaviors they
study.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the
sentences. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Correct Answer
1. ultimate causation
2. learned behavior
3. innate behavior
4. innate behavior
5. learned behavior
6. ultimate causation
7. innate behavior
8. proximate causation
Question 6
In the human knee-jerk reflex of a seated individual, as the calf is raised from a
vertical position to a horizontal position, the muscles of the quadriceps (on the front
of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (on the back side of the thighs) are
_____.
Correct Answer
excited and inhibited, respectively
Question 7
"Marine cone snails from the genus Conus are estimated to consist of up to 700
species. These predatory molluscs have devised an efficient venom apparatus that
allows them to successfully capture polychaete worms, other molluscs, or in some
cases fish as their primary food sources. . . . conotoxins from Australian species of
Conus . . . have the capacity to inhibit specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
in higher animals." (B. G. Livett, K. R. Gayler, and Z. Khalil. 2004. Drugs from the sea:
Conopeptides as potential therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 11:1715-23.)
This particular conotoxin inhibits acetylcholine receptors that are located ________.
Correct Answer
on the postsynaptic membrane, on the muscle cell
Page 2 of 79
,Question 8
A pair of coyotes colonized a large island where rodents (their prey) were abundant.
At first the number of coyotes increased. But as the coyote population increased,
competition for prey also increased and the coyote population grew more slowly. In
some years, weather conditions killed many of the rodents, causing some coyotes to
starve. In other years, weather conditions were favorable for the rodent poulation,
allowing the coyotes to thrive, reproduce, and raise many pups.
Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of this coyote
population?
Correct Answer
Graph B
Question 9
In ecological terms, disturbance is an event such as a storm, fire, or human activity
that changes a community, removing organisms and altering resource availability.
Which of the following statements about the effects of disturbance is correct?
Correct Answer
Disturbances can create patches of different habitats in a community
Question 10
Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____.
Correct Answer
synaptic terminals
Page 3 of 79
, Question 11
In cross-fostering studies, the young of one species are placed in the care of adults
from another species. In broad terms, what do researchers learn from such studies?
Select all that apply.
Correct Answer
-Changes in the behavior of cross-fostered young provide information about how
the social and physical environment influences behavior.
-Cross-fostering studies provide information about the relative importance of
nature and nurture in the development of a trait.
Question 12
The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____.
Correct Answer
brain
Question 13
What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron?
Correct Answer
Schwann cells
Question 14
The benthic zone of aquatic environments is defined as the _____.
Correct Answer
substrate at the bottom of the body of water
Question 15
The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of
equal but opposite magnitude at a particular location on the dendritic membrane is
likely to _____.
Correct Answer
cancel each other out, making it appear as if there was no change in membrane
potential
Page 4 of 79
