SOUTH UNIVERSITY
Graduate Nursing Program
NSG 5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Final Week 10 Comprehensive Question Bank NCLEX-style
Question 1
Which medication is used to reverse the effects of malignant hyperthermia?
A. Dantrolene sodium
B. Succinylcholine
C. Halothane
D. Propofol
correct A. Dantrolene sodium
Rationale Dantrolene sodium is the medication used to reverse the effects of malignant
hyperthermia. It acts by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, reducing
muscle contraction and body temperature.
,Question 2
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?
A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Parasite
correct A. Bacteria
Rationale Pyelonephritis is usually caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli and
other gram-negative bacteria. The infection ascends from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys,
causing inflammation and tissue damage.
Question 3
Which substances cause airway epithelium to constrict?
A. Histamine and prostaglandin
B. Histamine and acetylcholine
C. Acetylcholine and serotonin
D. Prostaglandin and leukotrienes
correct A. Histamine and prostaglandin
Rationale Histamine and prostaglandin cause airway epithelium to constrict. Both are
bronchoconstrictors that contribute to airway narrowing in conditions such as asthma and
allergic reactions.
,Question 4
What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
A. Hypoxia
B. Hypercapnia
C. Hypoxemia
D. Hyperoxia
correct A. Hypoxia
Rationale The fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is hypoxia. Reduced
hemoglobin concentration leads to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting
in tissue hypoxia and its associated symptoms.
Question 5
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Basophils
D. Monocytes
correct A. Eosinophils
Rationale During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, eosinophils are activated. They
release mediators that help control the allergic response and are also involved in the late-phase
reaction of allergic inflammation.
, Question 6
Pricking one's finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing
abdominal surgery would produce more pain. This distinction is an example of which
pain theory?
A. Specificity theory
B. Pattern theory
C. Gate control theory
D. Neuromatrix theory
correct A. Specificity theory
Rationale Pricking one's finger with a needle causing minimal pain versus abdominal
surgery producing more pain is an example of the specificity theory of pain. This theory
proposes that pain intensity is proportional to the degree of tissue damage and the specific
nerve fibers activated.
Question 7
What organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Human papillomavirus
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Candida albicans
correct A. Treponema pallidum
Rationale Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes syphilis and is a common
sexually transmitted bacterial infection. It is a spirochete that can cause systemic disease if
untreated.
Graduate Nursing Program
NSG 5003 Advanced Pathophysiology
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Final Week 10 Comprehensive Question Bank NCLEX-style
Question 1
Which medication is used to reverse the effects of malignant hyperthermia?
A. Dantrolene sodium
B. Succinylcholine
C. Halothane
D. Propofol
correct A. Dantrolene sodium
Rationale Dantrolene sodium is the medication used to reverse the effects of malignant
hyperthermia. It acts by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, reducing
muscle contraction and body temperature.
,Question 2
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?
A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Parasite
correct A. Bacteria
Rationale Pyelonephritis is usually caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli and
other gram-negative bacteria. The infection ascends from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys,
causing inflammation and tissue damage.
Question 3
Which substances cause airway epithelium to constrict?
A. Histamine and prostaglandin
B. Histamine and acetylcholine
C. Acetylcholine and serotonin
D. Prostaglandin and leukotrienes
correct A. Histamine and prostaglandin
Rationale Histamine and prostaglandin cause airway epithelium to constrict. Both are
bronchoconstrictors that contribute to airway narrowing in conditions such as asthma and
allergic reactions.
,Question 4
What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
A. Hypoxia
B. Hypercapnia
C. Hypoxemia
D. Hyperoxia
correct A. Hypoxia
Rationale The fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is hypoxia. Reduced
hemoglobin concentration leads to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting
in tissue hypoxia and its associated symptoms.
Question 5
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Basophils
D. Monocytes
correct A. Eosinophils
Rationale During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, eosinophils are activated. They
release mediators that help control the allergic response and are also involved in the late-phase
reaction of allergic inflammation.
, Question 6
Pricking one's finger with a needle would cause minimal pain, whereas experiencing
abdominal surgery would produce more pain. This distinction is an example of which
pain theory?
A. Specificity theory
B. Pattern theory
C. Gate control theory
D. Neuromatrix theory
correct A. Specificity theory
Rationale Pricking one's finger with a needle causing minimal pain versus abdominal
surgery producing more pain is an example of the specificity theory of pain. This theory
proposes that pain intensity is proportional to the degree of tissue damage and the specific
nerve fibers activated.
Question 7
What organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Human papillomavirus
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Candida albicans
correct A. Treponema pallidum
Rationale Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes syphilis and is a common
sexually transmitted bacterial infection. It is a spirochete that can cause systemic disease if
untreated.
