ENT Exam 1 Study Guide ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
maxillary sinus located behind cheekbones; first sinus to develop, fluid-filled at birth
sphenoid sinus located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland
ethmoid sinus located between the eyes, behind the bridge of the nose
frontal sinus located above the eyes, between the eyebrows; develops after age 2 and is the
last to pneumatize
trigeminal nerve branches and function ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular branches
sensation to face, motor to muscles of mastication
facial nerve branches and function temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
motor to muscles of facial expression, secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands,
and taste for anterior 2/3 tongue
, which type of facial nerve lesion PRESERVES forehead central lesion
wrinkling capabilities?
referred otalgia Cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 contribute afferent fibers to the external and middle
ear. Referred otalgia is considered a "red flag" for a possible head and neck
malignancy
duct of parotid gland Stensen's duct
where does parotid duct open opposite the second upper maxillary molar
duct of submandibular gland Wharton's duct
where does submandibular duct open under base of tongue, near the frenulum
3 unpaired cartilages of larynx cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
3 paired cartilages of larynx arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
function of larynx Its primary function is to protect the lower airway by closing abruptly to prevent
foreign matter entry. It is also involved in sound production (phonation),
coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and control of ventilation. The hyoid bone, though
not part of the larynx, aids in laryngeal motion.
landmarks of tympanic membrane The handle of the malleus is always visible, leading to the umbo (the center of the
TM). The cone of light should be visible at the 5 o'clock or 7 o'clock position
(depending on ear, points to chin)
BPPV etiology Caused by dislodged utricle otoconia (calcium carbonate crystals) that settle,
most commonly, in the posterior semicircular canal (SCC). It is often caused by
prior trauma and is almost exclusively unilateral
BPPV s&s Brief (<60 seconds) and intense positional vertigo when in an offending position
(e.g., lying down, rolling over, looking up). The vertigo fatigues upon repeating the
position. It may spontaneously resolve and recur.
BPPV diagnosis Dix-Hallpike maneuver
is positive if geotropic rotatory nystagmus is observed. The side with the biggest
reaction indicates the affected side
ANSWERS
maxillary sinus located behind cheekbones; first sinus to develop, fluid-filled at birth
sphenoid sinus located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland
ethmoid sinus located between the eyes, behind the bridge of the nose
frontal sinus located above the eyes, between the eyebrows; develops after age 2 and is the
last to pneumatize
trigeminal nerve branches and function ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular branches
sensation to face, motor to muscles of mastication
facial nerve branches and function temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
motor to muscles of facial expression, secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands,
and taste for anterior 2/3 tongue
, which type of facial nerve lesion PRESERVES forehead central lesion
wrinkling capabilities?
referred otalgia Cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 contribute afferent fibers to the external and middle
ear. Referred otalgia is considered a "red flag" for a possible head and neck
malignancy
duct of parotid gland Stensen's duct
where does parotid duct open opposite the second upper maxillary molar
duct of submandibular gland Wharton's duct
where does submandibular duct open under base of tongue, near the frenulum
3 unpaired cartilages of larynx cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
3 paired cartilages of larynx arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
function of larynx Its primary function is to protect the lower airway by closing abruptly to prevent
foreign matter entry. It is also involved in sound production (phonation),
coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and control of ventilation. The hyoid bone, though
not part of the larynx, aids in laryngeal motion.
landmarks of tympanic membrane The handle of the malleus is always visible, leading to the umbo (the center of the
TM). The cone of light should be visible at the 5 o'clock or 7 o'clock position
(depending on ear, points to chin)
BPPV etiology Caused by dislodged utricle otoconia (calcium carbonate crystals) that settle,
most commonly, in the posterior semicircular canal (SCC). It is often caused by
prior trauma and is almost exclusively unilateral
BPPV s&s Brief (<60 seconds) and intense positional vertigo when in an offending position
(e.g., lying down, rolling over, looking up). The vertigo fatigues upon repeating the
position. It may spontaneously resolve and recur.
BPPV diagnosis Dix-Hallpike maneuver
is positive if geotropic rotatory nystagmus is observed. The side with the biggest
reaction indicates the affected side
