NUR-631 Final Exam Study
Guide 2026 Exam Questions
and Answers | Already Graded
A+
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory - ANSWER ✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia is an
adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate. For
example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
,a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities - ANSWER ✔✔c. A vasospastic disorder of the
small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from
this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - ANSWER ✔✔a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to
provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal
central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
,when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back
into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER ✔✔d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough
surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that
produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as
occurs during blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer.
This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the physical
sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - ANSWER
✔✔d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy
13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-
2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or
17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - ANSWER ✔✔c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at
Guide 2026 Exam Questions
and Answers | Already Graded
A+
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory - ANSWER ✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia is an
adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate. For
example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
,a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities - ANSWER ✔✔c. A vasospastic disorder of the
small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from
this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - ANSWER ✔✔a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to
provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal
central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
,when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back
into the pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying
increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER ✔✔d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough
surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that
produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as
occurs during blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer.
This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the physical
sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - ANSWER
✔✔d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy
13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-
2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or
17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - ANSWER ✔✔c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at
