ATI MED SURG PART A 2026 PRACTICE TEST
QUESTION BANK AND CORRECT ANSWERS
REVIEW
◉ cardiac tamponade findings
-BP
-special BP thing
-heart sounds Answer: -hyoptension
-pulses paradoxus
-muffled heart sounds
◉ What is pulses paradoxus? Answer: When the systolic BP is at
least 10 mmhg higher on expiration than on inspiration.
◉ pericarditis findings
-HR
-EKG abnormality
-3 symptoms
-what relieves the chest pain Answer: -tachycardia
-ST-T spiking (elevation)
-dyspnea, hiccups, nonproductive cough
,-chest pain relieved by sitting upright or leaning forward
◉ The nurse should increase the intake of food containing what for a
client who has megaloblastic anemia? Answer: folic acid
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "high-pitched musical squeak
on inspiration or expiration through a narrow or obstructed airway."
Answer: wheezes
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "coarse, loud, low-pitched
sounds during inspiration or expiration. Coughing often clears the
airway and stops the sound." Answer: rhonchi
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "loud, dry, rubbing or grating
sounds over the lower lateral anterior chest surface during
inspiration or expiration." Answer: friction rub
◉ A client who had a recent myocardial infarction is at risk for left-
sided heart failure. ________ are breath sounds caused by movement
of air through airways partially or intermittently occluded with fluid
and are associated with heart failure and frothy sputum. These
sounds are heard at the end of inspiration and are not cleared by
coughing. Answer: crackles
,◉ Post-PTCA with stent placement, the nurse should plan to
administer scheduled doses of what? This maintains the patency of
the client's coronary arteries following the PTCA by preventing
platelet aggregation and thrombus formation around the newly
placed stent. Answer: aspirin
◉ Patients who receive numerous blood transfusions (eg a sickle cell
patient) are at risk of what electrolyte imbalances? Answer:
hyperkalemia - transfused blood relases more K because of
hemolysis
hypocalcemia - the citrate in the transfused blood binds the calcium
in blood so it's excreted
◉ The client who has received several blood transfusions is at risk
for development of hemosiderosis, which is excess storage of ____ in
the body. The excess can come from overuse of supplements or from
receiving frequent blood transfusions, as in sickle cell anemia.
Answer: iron
◉ T/F: The nurse should instruct the client who has stomatitis to
avoid the use of lemon-glycerine swabs because they cause drying
and irritation of the mucous membranes. Answer: true
◉ The nurse should instruct the client with stomatitis to rinse the
mouth out with_______, _______, or _________ solution every 2 to 3 hr to
, promote comfort and healing. Answer: hydrogen peroxide solution,
baking soda solution or warm saline
◉ ABGs
normal pH
normal PaCO2
normal HCO3 Answer: pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
◉ How can you determine respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?
Answer: First look at the pH. <7.35 = acidosis; >7.45=alkalosis.
Then look at CO2. If abnormal = respiratory. If CO2 normal and
HCO3 abnormal = metabolic.
◉ isoniazid for TB
-how long is it usually prescribed for?
-monitor what organ?
-take with or without food? Answer: -usually 6 months to 2 years
-monitor liver function
-empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal)
QUESTION BANK AND CORRECT ANSWERS
REVIEW
◉ cardiac tamponade findings
-BP
-special BP thing
-heart sounds Answer: -hyoptension
-pulses paradoxus
-muffled heart sounds
◉ What is pulses paradoxus? Answer: When the systolic BP is at
least 10 mmhg higher on expiration than on inspiration.
◉ pericarditis findings
-HR
-EKG abnormality
-3 symptoms
-what relieves the chest pain Answer: -tachycardia
-ST-T spiking (elevation)
-dyspnea, hiccups, nonproductive cough
,-chest pain relieved by sitting upright or leaning forward
◉ The nurse should increase the intake of food containing what for a
client who has megaloblastic anemia? Answer: folic acid
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "high-pitched musical squeak
on inspiration or expiration through a narrow or obstructed airway."
Answer: wheezes
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "coarse, loud, low-pitched
sounds during inspiration or expiration. Coughing often clears the
airway and stops the sound." Answer: rhonchi
◉ Which adventitious breath sound? "loud, dry, rubbing or grating
sounds over the lower lateral anterior chest surface during
inspiration or expiration." Answer: friction rub
◉ A client who had a recent myocardial infarction is at risk for left-
sided heart failure. ________ are breath sounds caused by movement
of air through airways partially or intermittently occluded with fluid
and are associated with heart failure and frothy sputum. These
sounds are heard at the end of inspiration and are not cleared by
coughing. Answer: crackles
,◉ Post-PTCA with stent placement, the nurse should plan to
administer scheduled doses of what? This maintains the patency of
the client's coronary arteries following the PTCA by preventing
platelet aggregation and thrombus formation around the newly
placed stent. Answer: aspirin
◉ Patients who receive numerous blood transfusions (eg a sickle cell
patient) are at risk of what electrolyte imbalances? Answer:
hyperkalemia - transfused blood relases more K because of
hemolysis
hypocalcemia - the citrate in the transfused blood binds the calcium
in blood so it's excreted
◉ The client who has received several blood transfusions is at risk
for development of hemosiderosis, which is excess storage of ____ in
the body. The excess can come from overuse of supplements or from
receiving frequent blood transfusions, as in sickle cell anemia.
Answer: iron
◉ T/F: The nurse should instruct the client who has stomatitis to
avoid the use of lemon-glycerine swabs because they cause drying
and irritation of the mucous membranes. Answer: true
◉ The nurse should instruct the client with stomatitis to rinse the
mouth out with_______, _______, or _________ solution every 2 to 3 hr to
, promote comfort and healing. Answer: hydrogen peroxide solution,
baking soda solution or warm saline
◉ ABGs
normal pH
normal PaCO2
normal HCO3 Answer: pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
◉ How can you determine respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?
Answer: First look at the pH. <7.35 = acidosis; >7.45=alkalosis.
Then look at CO2. If abnormal = respiratory. If CO2 normal and
HCO3 abnormal = metabolic.
◉ isoniazid for TB
-how long is it usually prescribed for?
-monitor what organ?
-take with or without food? Answer: -usually 6 months to 2 years
-monitor liver function
-empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal)
