SOCIOLOGY CHAPTER 11 – RACE AND ETHNICITY STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
race - correct answer ✔✔a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted
traits that members of a society consider important
ethnicity - correct answer ✔✔a shared cultural heritage
minority - correct answer ✔✔any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that
a society sets apart and subordinates
prejudice - correct answer ✔✔a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people.
May in relation to a particular social class, sex, sexual orientation, age, political affiliation, race, or
ethnicity.
Prejudices are prejudgments - correct answer ✔✔Rooted in culture so everyone has some measure of
prejudice
stereotype - correct answer ✔✔An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category.
Note: Especially harmful to minorities in the workplace.
Social Distance Scale - correct answer ✔✔Refers to how closely people are willing to interact with
members of some category.
1 - Student opinion shows a trend toward greater social acceptance.
2 - People see less differences between various minorities.
3 - The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2011, might have reduced social acceptance of Arabs and
Muslims.
Emory Bogardus - correct answer ✔✔Performed the Social Distance Scale study and found that people
felt more socially distance from some categories than others.
Racism - correct answer ✔✔the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another.
• Powerful and harmful form of prejudice
• Existed throughout world history
• Widespread throughout U.S. history
Scapegoat theory - correct answer ✔✔Prejudice springs from frustration among people who are
themselves disadvantaged
Scapegoat - correct answer ✔✔A person or category of people, typically with little power, whom other
people unfairly blame for their own troubles
- They have little power
- Usually are "Safe Targets"
Authoritarian personality theory - correct answer ✔✔Extreme prejudice is a personality trait of certain
individuals.
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
race - correct answer ✔✔a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted
traits that members of a society consider important
ethnicity - correct answer ✔✔a shared cultural heritage
minority - correct answer ✔✔any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that
a society sets apart and subordinates
prejudice - correct answer ✔✔a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people.
May in relation to a particular social class, sex, sexual orientation, age, political affiliation, race, or
ethnicity.
Prejudices are prejudgments - correct answer ✔✔Rooted in culture so everyone has some measure of
prejudice
stereotype - correct answer ✔✔An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category.
Note: Especially harmful to minorities in the workplace.
Social Distance Scale - correct answer ✔✔Refers to how closely people are willing to interact with
members of some category.
1 - Student opinion shows a trend toward greater social acceptance.
2 - People see less differences between various minorities.
3 - The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2011, might have reduced social acceptance of Arabs and
Muslims.
Emory Bogardus - correct answer ✔✔Performed the Social Distance Scale study and found that people
felt more socially distance from some categories than others.
Racism - correct answer ✔✔the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another.
• Powerful and harmful form of prejudice
• Existed throughout world history
• Widespread throughout U.S. history
Scapegoat theory - correct answer ✔✔Prejudice springs from frustration among people who are
themselves disadvantaged
Scapegoat - correct answer ✔✔A person or category of people, typically with little power, whom other
people unfairly blame for their own troubles
- They have little power
- Usually are "Safe Targets"
Authoritarian personality theory - correct answer ✔✔Extreme prejudice is a personality trait of certain
individuals.
