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Pathophysiology Complete Study Guide Practice Questions Exam Review and Verified Answers 2026/2027

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Comprehensive Pathophysiology study guide featuring disease mechanisms, practice questions, verified answers, and detailed exam review to help students excel in 2026/2027 coursework and exams.

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What are prostaglandins?


Choose an answer



group of lipids that act as chemical
vitamins that act as cofactors for
1 2 messengers in reproduction,
metabolic enzymes
inflammatory response, and pain.



nucleic acids that carry genetic complex carbohydrates that store energy
3 4
information in the liver



Don't know?




Terms in this set (147)



what is biology? the scientific study of life


what is pathophysiology? the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body
that result from disease processes.
patho means disease

,What is atrophy? it is a shrinkage in cell size. the number of cells does not
change, the actual size is what changes. an example of this
would be muscles shrinking due to an injury. your muscles will
shrink because you aren't using them.


What is hypertrophy? increase in cell size. your left ventricle is larger due to it's
constant work


What is Hyperplasia Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ.
an example would be a callus on the palm of your hand.
increased work load causes the dermis to add more
protective layers.


What is dysplasia? Alteration of the size, shape, and organization of cells.


What is metaplasia? reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another adult cell type


What is Edema? Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells


What is ascites accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

, what is HAPE High Altitude Pulmonary Edema.
Fluid build up in lungs due to inappropriate vasoconstriction
and increased pulmonary arterial resistance


What is isotonic fluid deficit? Decrease in extracellular fluid with proportionate losses of
sodium and water


What is tonicity the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or
lose water


what is Oliguria Less than 500 cc of urine in 24 hours


What is the normal sodium range for blood? 136-142 mEq/L


What is hypertonic fluid deficit? Caused by excess water loss without proportionate loss of
sodium


What is hypernatremia A condition characterized by high sodium levels in the blood.
over 143 mEq/L


What is hyponatremia Low sodium. A serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L.

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