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NURS 5315 EXAM 5 – GI SYSTEM CONCEPT &
CLINICAL CONDITIONS CLEAN, CORRECTED Q&A
STUDY SET (2025–2026)
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI System? CORRECT ANSWER: Upper GI System
The small intestine, large intestine, and colon are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI system? CORRECT ANSWER: Lower GI System
What is the biochemical breakdown of food called? CORRECT ANSWER:
Digestion
Transferring small units, with water, electrolytes, and vitamins, from the GI
lumen into the blood and lymph refers to ____. CORRECT ANSWER:
Absorption
When the muscles in the GI tract contract, this refers to ____. CORRECT
ANSWER: Motility
What is the process that involves the release of water, mucus, and electrolytes
such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach? CORRECT ANSWER:
Secretion
Which stimulates bone formation, GIP or GLP-1? CORRECT ANSWER:
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
pg. 1
,2
Which incretin hormone increases fat accumulation? Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) or Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)? CORRECT ANSWER:
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Which incretin hormone increases cardioprotection and cardiac output?
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) or Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) do
most of the same things in the pancreas EXCEPT? CORRECT ANSWER:
GIP increases glucagon; GLP-1 decreases glucagon
In gastrointestinal blood flow, the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery,
and inferior mesenteric artery all stem from what part of the heart?
CORRECT ANSWER: Aorta
What (4) organs does the celiac artery feed oxygenated blood to? CORRECT
ANSWER: Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas
What (3) organs does the superior mesenteric artery feed oxygenated blood
to? CORRECT ANSWER: Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
What two arteries give blood to the colon? CORRECT ANSWER: Superior
and inferior mesenteric arteries
Blood flows through the gut to the hepatic circulation through which vein?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatic portal vein
pg. 2
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Which vein receives blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to
liver capillaries? CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein receives deoxygenated blood from which (3) veins?
CORRECT ANSWER: Inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and splenic
veins
Blood flows through what part of the liver where reticuloendothelial cells
remove toxins, bacteria, and metabolic waste products? CORRECT
ANSWER: Liver sinusoids
A decreased absorptive capacity of villi and the translocation of gut bacterial
flora occurs during what detrimental period? CORRECT ANSWER: When
there is low perfusion
How does gut bacteria translocate into the bloodstream during periods of low
perfusion? CORRECT ANSWER: During periods of low perfusion, the villi can
die and undergo necrosis. Compromised intestinal barrier may allow gut bacteria to
migrate from the intestine to the bloodstream.
Decreased motility in the large intestine and rectum can lead to what GI
issue? CORRECT ANSWER: Constipation
Normal rate of stool passage, but difficulty with stool evacuation is which
primary constipation? CORRECT ANSWER: Functional transit constipation
pg. 3
NURS 5315 EXAM 5 – GI SYSTEM CONCEPT &
CLINICAL CONDITIONS CLEAN, CORRECTED Q&A
STUDY SET (2025–2026)
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI System? CORRECT ANSWER: Upper GI System
The small intestine, large intestine, and colon are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI system? CORRECT ANSWER: Lower GI System
What is the biochemical breakdown of food called? CORRECT ANSWER:
Digestion
Transferring small units, with water, electrolytes, and vitamins, from the GI
lumen into the blood and lymph refers to ____. CORRECT ANSWER:
Absorption
When the muscles in the GI tract contract, this refers to ____. CORRECT
ANSWER: Motility
What is the process that involves the release of water, mucus, and electrolytes
such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach? CORRECT ANSWER:
Secretion
Which stimulates bone formation, GIP or GLP-1? CORRECT ANSWER:
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
pg. 1
,2
Which incretin hormone increases fat accumulation? Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) or Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)? CORRECT ANSWER:
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Which incretin hormone increases cardioprotection and cardiac output?
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) or Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) do
most of the same things in the pancreas EXCEPT? CORRECT ANSWER:
GIP increases glucagon; GLP-1 decreases glucagon
In gastrointestinal blood flow, the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery,
and inferior mesenteric artery all stem from what part of the heart?
CORRECT ANSWER: Aorta
What (4) organs does the celiac artery feed oxygenated blood to? CORRECT
ANSWER: Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas
What (3) organs does the superior mesenteric artery feed oxygenated blood
to? CORRECT ANSWER: Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
What two arteries give blood to the colon? CORRECT ANSWER: Superior
and inferior mesenteric arteries
Blood flows through the gut to the hepatic circulation through which vein?
CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatic portal vein
pg. 2
, 3
Which vein receives blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to
liver capillaries? CORRECT ANSWER: Hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein receives deoxygenated blood from which (3) veins?
CORRECT ANSWER: Inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and splenic
veins
Blood flows through what part of the liver where reticuloendothelial cells
remove toxins, bacteria, and metabolic waste products? CORRECT
ANSWER: Liver sinusoids
A decreased absorptive capacity of villi and the translocation of gut bacterial
flora occurs during what detrimental period? CORRECT ANSWER: When
there is low perfusion
How does gut bacteria translocate into the bloodstream during periods of low
perfusion? CORRECT ANSWER: During periods of low perfusion, the villi can
die and undergo necrosis. Compromised intestinal barrier may allow gut bacteria to
migrate from the intestine to the bloodstream.
Decreased motility in the large intestine and rectum can lead to what GI
issue? CORRECT ANSWER: Constipation
Normal rate of stool passage, but difficulty with stool evacuation is which
primary constipation? CORRECT ANSWER: Functional transit constipation
pg. 3
