NR 507 / NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam V2 | Verified Answers | Latest
Update | Chamberlain University
| Exam Review & Practice Questions
Question 1
Which of the following best defines a hypersensitivity reaction?
A. An exaggerated immune response that causes tissue damage
B. A deficiency in the immune response
C. A normal immune response to a pathogen
D. The body's inability to recognize self-antigens
Correct Answer: A. An exaggerated immune response that causes tissue damage
Rationale: A hypersensitivity reaction is defined as an altered immunologic response to
an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host . Type I hypersensitivity is
mediated by IgE antibodies .
Question 2
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for Type I hypersensitivity
reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgM
Correct Answer: C. IgE
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies, which bind
to mast cells and basophils, causing degranulation and release of histamine and other
inflammatory mediators . Examples include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis .
,Question 3
A client presents with hives (urticaria) after eating peanuts. This is an example of
which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A. Type I
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) is a classic manifestation of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction
mediated by IgE. Mast cell degranulation releases histamine, causing vasodilation,
edema, and itching .
Question 4
Allergic contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: D. Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is a delayed-type reaction mediated by T cells, not
antibodies. It occurs 24-72 hours after exposure. Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is a
classic Type IV reaction .
Question 5
Which cells are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system?
,A. T lymphocytes
B. B lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and are the first
responders to sites of infection or inflammation . They are phagocytes that ingest and
destroy pathogens.
Question 6
A client with rheumatoid arthritis has immune complexes deposited in joint
tissues. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: C. Type III
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition in tissues,
leading to complement activation and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are
examples of Type III reactions .
Question 7
Type II hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by:
A. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
B. Antibody-mediated destruction of specific cells or tissues
C. Immune complex deposition in tissues
D. T-cell mediated delayed response
Correct Answer: B. Antibody-mediated destruction of specific cells or tissues
, Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity is a cytotoxic reaction where antibodies bind to
antigens on the surface of specific cells, leading to cell destruction. Examples include
Graves' disease and blood transfusion reactions .
Question 8
What is the difference between Type II and Type III hypersensitivity?
A. Type II is mediated by T cells, Type III by B cells
B. Type II is organ-specific, Type III is not organ-specific
C. Type II involves IgE, Type III involves IgG
D. Type II is delayed, Type III is immediate
Correct Answer: B. Type II is organ-specific, Type III is not organ-specific
Rationale: In Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of
specific cells (organ-specific). In Type III, antibodies bind to antigens released into
circulation and form immune complexes that deposit in tissues .
Question 9
Which of the following is an example of alloimmunity?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Rh incompatibility
D. Poison ivy contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C. Rh incompatibility
Rationale: Alloimmunity is an immune reaction to tissues of another individual. Rh
incompatibility, transplant rejection, and transfusion reactions are examples of
alloimmunity .
Question 10
The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is:
Midterm Exam V2 | Verified Answers | Latest
Update | Chamberlain University
| Exam Review & Practice Questions
Question 1
Which of the following best defines a hypersensitivity reaction?
A. An exaggerated immune response that causes tissue damage
B. A deficiency in the immune response
C. A normal immune response to a pathogen
D. The body's inability to recognize self-antigens
Correct Answer: A. An exaggerated immune response that causes tissue damage
Rationale: A hypersensitivity reaction is defined as an altered immunologic response to
an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host . Type I hypersensitivity is
mediated by IgE antibodies .
Question 2
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for Type I hypersensitivity
reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgM
Correct Answer: C. IgE
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies, which bind
to mast cells and basophils, causing degranulation and release of histamine and other
inflammatory mediators . Examples include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis .
,Question 3
A client presents with hives (urticaria) after eating peanuts. This is an example of
which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A. Type I
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) is a classic manifestation of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction
mediated by IgE. Mast cell degranulation releases histamine, causing vasodilation,
edema, and itching .
Question 4
Allergic contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: D. Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is a delayed-type reaction mediated by T cells, not
antibodies. It occurs 24-72 hours after exposure. Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is a
classic Type IV reaction .
Question 5
Which cells are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system?
,A. T lymphocytes
B. B lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and are the first
responders to sites of infection or inflammation . They are phagocytes that ingest and
destroy pathogens.
Question 6
A client with rheumatoid arthritis has immune complexes deposited in joint
tissues. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: C. Type III
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition in tissues,
leading to complement activation and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are
examples of Type III reactions .
Question 7
Type II hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by:
A. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
B. Antibody-mediated destruction of specific cells or tissues
C. Immune complex deposition in tissues
D. T-cell mediated delayed response
Correct Answer: B. Antibody-mediated destruction of specific cells or tissues
, Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity is a cytotoxic reaction where antibodies bind to
antigens on the surface of specific cells, leading to cell destruction. Examples include
Graves' disease and blood transfusion reactions .
Question 8
What is the difference between Type II and Type III hypersensitivity?
A. Type II is mediated by T cells, Type III by B cells
B. Type II is organ-specific, Type III is not organ-specific
C. Type II involves IgE, Type III involves IgG
D. Type II is delayed, Type III is immediate
Correct Answer: B. Type II is organ-specific, Type III is not organ-specific
Rationale: In Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of
specific cells (organ-specific). In Type III, antibodies bind to antigens released into
circulation and form immune complexes that deposit in tissues .
Question 9
Which of the following is an example of alloimmunity?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Rh incompatibility
D. Poison ivy contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C. Rh incompatibility
Rationale: Alloimmunity is an immune reaction to tissues of another individual. Rh
incompatibility, transplant rejection, and transfusion reactions are examples of
alloimmunity .
Question 10
The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is:
