, NU 131: Nursing and Healthcare I —
Complete Exam Questions and Answers
with Rationale 2026/2027 Update
Unit 1: Foundations of Nursing, History, &
Health Promotion
Q1. Which historical figure is considered the founder of
modern nursing and emphasized the impact of the
environment on health?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established modern nursing
principles, stressing cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful
observation. She reformed hospital sanitation and founded the
first secular nursing school. Clara Barton founded the American
Red Cross, Lillian Wald pioneered public health nursing, and
Dorothea Dix advocated for the mentally ill.
Q2. Primary prevention activities include which of the
following?
A) Blood pressure screening
, B) Cardiac rehabilitation
C) Administering immunizations
D) Teaching insulin self-administration after diagnosis
Correct Answer: C) Administering immunizations
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it
occurs through immunizations, health education, and lifestyle
changes. Blood pressure screening is secondary prevention
(early detection). Rehabilitation and teaching self-administration
for chronic disease management are tertiary prevention.
Q3. A nurse tells a patient, "I will be back in 15 minutes to
check on you," but fails to return for an hour. This action
violates which ethical principle?
A) Veracity
B) Fidelity
C) Justice
D) Confidentiality
Correct Answer: B) Fidelity
Rationale: Fidelity means keeping promises and being faithful
to commitments. Failing to return as promised breaches patient
trust. Veracity is truthfulness, justice is fairness, and
confidentiality is protecting private medical data.
, Unit 2: Legal Concepts, Ethics, & Cultural
Diversity
Q4. The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is primarily based on
which type of legislation?
A) Federal legislation
B) State legislation
C) International law
D) Hospital policy
Correct Answer: B) State legislation
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is enacted by state
legislation to regulate nursing practice, protect the public,
establish State Boards of Nursing, define professional nursing
scopes, and outline disciplinary actions.
Q5. A nurse cares for a patient who refuses a blood
transfusion due to religious beliefs, respecting their choice.
This action demonstrates which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Autonomy
D) Justice
Correct Answer: C) Autonomy
Complete Exam Questions and Answers
with Rationale 2026/2027 Update
Unit 1: Foundations of Nursing, History, &
Health Promotion
Q1. Which historical figure is considered the founder of
modern nursing and emphasized the impact of the
environment on health?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: C) Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established modern nursing
principles, stressing cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful
observation. She reformed hospital sanitation and founded the
first secular nursing school. Clara Barton founded the American
Red Cross, Lillian Wald pioneered public health nursing, and
Dorothea Dix advocated for the mentally ill.
Q2. Primary prevention activities include which of the
following?
A) Blood pressure screening
, B) Cardiac rehabilitation
C) Administering immunizations
D) Teaching insulin self-administration after diagnosis
Correct Answer: C) Administering immunizations
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it
occurs through immunizations, health education, and lifestyle
changes. Blood pressure screening is secondary prevention
(early detection). Rehabilitation and teaching self-administration
for chronic disease management are tertiary prevention.
Q3. A nurse tells a patient, "I will be back in 15 minutes to
check on you," but fails to return for an hour. This action
violates which ethical principle?
A) Veracity
B) Fidelity
C) Justice
D) Confidentiality
Correct Answer: B) Fidelity
Rationale: Fidelity means keeping promises and being faithful
to commitments. Failing to return as promised breaches patient
trust. Veracity is truthfulness, justice is fairness, and
confidentiality is protecting private medical data.
, Unit 2: Legal Concepts, Ethics, & Cultural
Diversity
Q4. The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) is primarily based on
which type of legislation?
A) Federal legislation
B) State legislation
C) International law
D) Hospital policy
Correct Answer: B) State legislation
Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act is enacted by state
legislation to regulate nursing practice, protect the public,
establish State Boards of Nursing, define professional nursing
scopes, and outline disciplinary actions.
Q5. A nurse cares for a patient who refuses a blood
transfusion due to religious beliefs, respecting their choice.
This action demonstrates which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Nonmaleficence
C) Autonomy
D) Justice
Correct Answer: C) Autonomy
