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1. Severe PR cause what? - ANSWER RV Volume overload
Diastolic murmur
RV failure
2. Pt. with parachute MV? - ANSWER have single pap muscle
3. Severe MR due to flail MV? - ANSWER Dilated RV
4. Dilated CM? - ANSWER ischemic
viral
metabolic
per partum
5. speckle/ ground glass? - ANSWER amyloid heart disease
6. Normal pulmonary veins? - ANSWER S&D > 1
7. Constrictive Pericarditis? - ANSWER respiratory variations with inspiration
E decreases
,8. Restrictive CM? - ANSWER don't have respiratory variations
9. Pericardial Effusion? - ANSWER CP
Dyspnea
Pulses paradoxes
Distended neck veins
10.pericarditis? - ANSWER cause PE
11.loculated Effusion? - ANSWER post cardiac surgery or metastatic disease
12.Beck's triad? - ANSWER clinical bedside diagnosis of Tamponade/ quite
heart/ hypotension/ elevated venous pressure
13.False positive Tamponade? - ANSWER Pleural Effusion
COPD
unstable sample volume
14.Constrictive pericarditis? - ANSWER idiopathic
chronic pericarditis
radiology therapy
long-term steroid use
15.Normal PA pressure? - ANSWER 18-40 mmHG
,16.Diseases which have a potential to directly affect the mitral apparatus would
include all of the following except? - ANSWER Degenerative
Carcinoid
Congenital mitral stenosis
Hypertonic cardiomyopathy
17.Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER Pulses paradoxus (more than 10 mmHg)
Tachycardia
Dyspnea
Fatigue
dilated IVC
RV diastolic collapse
18.primary benign intracardiac tumor? - ANSWER Xyloma
19.where do you measure RA? - ANSWER Apical-4
20.EKG systole? - ANSWER from onset of QRS to end of the T wave
21.Cardiac Tamponade, hepatic vein flow? - ANSWER decrease with
expiration
22.most common location for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm? - ANSWER Right
side
23.MPA dilatation? - ANSWER PHTN
, 24.Aortic flow? - ANSWER Predominantly systolic
25.Coronary sinus flow? - ANSWER Predominantly diastolic
26.LAD feeds? - ANSWER Anterior IVS
Apical cap
Anterior of LV
27.CHF - ANSWER Pedal edema
Dyspnea
Ortopnea
28.post cardiac transplant surgery? - ANSWER RA & LA enlarged
29.HOCM - ANSWER mid-systolic closure of AV
Small LV cavity size
LVH
SAM
30.Surgical septal myectomy? - ANSWER causes VSD
31.hemochromatosis? - ANSWER Restrictive(infiltrative CM)
32.The forms of presentation of Doppler information would include all of the
following except? - ANSWER A)Audible sounds